entries for Reserve & surplus
What is reserve & surplus in accounts
Reserves always created from profit. Therefore the Journal entry will be for creating reserves Dr Profit & Loss A/c CR Reserve A/c
by balance sheet under reserves and surplus heading otherwise in profit and loss appropriation a/c
[Debit] Net income account [Credit] General Reserves
General reserves need to be converted into cash first by issuing new shares to share holders and after that cash can be used to purchase assets.
What is reserve & surplus in accounts
A reserve is a planned amount, a surplus is unplanned.
reserves and surplus are shown into liability side of the financial statiment, since reserve is the money set aside from the capital for future use hence defining surplus as a debit in the business thus attributing to its liabiltiness,
Amount appropriated out of earned surplus (retained earnings) for future planned or unforeseen expenditure.
To calculate the cost of reserves and surplus, you typically assess the opportunity cost associated with holding reserves instead of investing them in profitable ventures. This can be done by estimating the expected return on alternative investments and comparing it to the returns generated by the reserves. Additionally, you can consider factors like inflation and the cost of capital to determine the effective cost. Ultimately, the cost of reserves and surplus reflects the potential income foregone by not utilizing those funds for growth-oriented activities.
The net loss reserves to surplus ratio is a financial metric used in the insurance industry to assess the adequacy of an insurer's reserves relative to its surplus. It is calculated by dividing the net loss reserves (the funds set aside to pay future claims) by the surplus (the difference between assets and liabilities). A lower ratio indicates a stronger financial position, suggesting that the insurer has sufficient surplus to cover potential claims, while a higher ratio may signal potential financial strain. Monitoring this ratio helps regulators and stakeholders gauge the insurer's risk management and financial health.
reserves surplus
A balance of payments surplus occurs when a country's exports and financial inflows exceed its imports and financial outflows, leading to an accumulation of foreign currency. This surplus results in rising foreign exchange reserves, as the central bank purchases the excess foreign currency to stabilise the local currency and manage inflation. Consequently, increased foreign exchange reserves can enhance a country's ability to withstand economic shocks and boost investor confidence. Thus, a balance of payments surplus directly contributes to the growth of foreign exchange reserves.
Reserves always created from profit. Therefore the Journal entry will be for creating reserves Dr Profit & Loss A/c CR Reserve A/c
by balance sheet under reserves and surplus heading otherwise in profit and loss appropriation a/c
A surplus disbursement refers to the distribution of excess funds or profits beyond what is necessary for operational expenses, obligations, or reserves. This can occur in various contexts, such as government budgets, corporate finance, or investment funds, where the surplus is allocated to stakeholders, reinvested, or used for specific projects. The process ensures that the surplus is utilized effectively to benefit the organization or its beneficiaries.
Surplus Reinsurance