reserves and surplus are shown into liability side of the financial statiment, since reserve is the money set aside from the capital for future use hence defining surplus as a debit in the business thus attributing to its liabiltiness,
A reserve is a planned amount, a surplus is unplanned.
Surplus Reinsurance
Forex reserves are financial assets in diverse foreign currencies, held by central banks and monetary authorities of countries. Most countries maintain their Forex reserves in the major currencies like the dollar, yen, pound, gold, e.t.c. The essence of the reserve is to shield or backup liabilities or form of savings, which generates interest.See: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign-exchange_reserves
Common types of contingent liabilities include guarantees and the results of legal disputes. Guarantees may be given on behalf of an associate company, or as part of a larger deal (banks frequently give guarantees of various sorts as part of their business).
An assessment of personal assets and liabilities lists all your assets (like your home, car, money in the bank, etc.) and your liabilities (debt in the form of loans, house mortgage, etc.). The asset's values are totalled and the liabilities are totalled. Comparing you total assets and total liabilities will show your financial situation.
What is reserve & surplus in accounts
entries for Reserve & surplus
A reserve is a planned amount, a surplus is unplanned.
Amount appropriated out of earned surplus (retained earnings) for future planned or unforeseen expenditure.
Companies from time to time do the process of revaluating its assets and liabilities for many reasons like liquidation or selling business or any other reason. From the process of revaluation its assets and liabilities surplus or defecit generate. If there is revaluation surplus it means that assets of company has more appreciated then assets of the companies reduced in value.
reserves surplus
Equity shares, debenture, secured loan, non secured loan, borrowings, reserves , retained earnings
Reserves are maintained from profit of current year business and profit is part of capital that's why reserves are also part of capital as if it is not maintained separately it will be included in profit or capital.
by balance sheet under reserves and surplus heading otherwise in profit and loss appropriation a/c
Equity shares, debenture, secured loan, non secured loan, borrowings, reserves , retained earnings
pension liabilities are not part of cash flow statement rather it is part of balance sheet until paid.
Surplus Reinsurance