Permission from the tower to proceed onto the runway. They would normally get this via a radio and would need to stay in radio contact with the tower, should the need be required for them to clear or "vacate" the runway.
All of the above
When Tower signals a vehicle on the runway with a flashing red light, it indicates that the operator must immediately stop and not proceed further. The operator should then radio the Tower to seek clarification and instructions on how to proceed safely. This protocol ensures the safety of both the vehicle and any aircraft in the vicinity. Following these procedures is crucial for maintaining a safe operational environment at the airfield.
Stop, contact the tower to ask permission to cross the runway
At an airport with a control tower already have taxi clearance to cross all runways or get clearance from ATC to cross the runway. :)
The pilot of the vehicle or the ground control operator is always to blame for a runway incursion. Human error is 100% the only reason for an incursion instance. Whether the system that provides clearance is down or not there are back-up checks that should happen and if they are not completed by the approaching pilot then an incursion can occur.
It warns aircrew and vehicle operators that they are about to enter an active runway.
Stop, contact the control tower for permission to cross.
Depending on the airport and the regulations in place, any vehicle can cross the runway provided it is in radio communication with the tower and has had clearance to cross. The would also need to advise the tower when they had cleared or "vacated" the runway. In an emergency, the main vehicles given permission to cross or even enter the runway would be the "crash" trucks and the ATC supervisor. They would still need permission to enter the runway.
30
Roger Tower. Once you've cleared the runway you tell tower" Vehicle one cleared runway two five on taxiway hotel."
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15MPH