radar
When a pilot has to fly through thick clouds, many instruments come into play. These instruments help the pilot navigate the clouds and are known as GPS and Distance Measuring Equipment which prevents collisions in mid air during these weather conditions.
The best answer is "all of them." But in reality, the ones scanned most frequently would be the artificial horizon, the airspeed indicator and the altimeter. The vertical speed indicator and the compass are also critical with the VSI giving you the earliest indication of a climb or descent, and the compass confirming level wings and/or no slipping. These instruments are used to maintain primary control of the aircraft, but additional instruments are required for navigation to a specific point.
Artificial horizon [for pitch and roll information.] Airspeed indicator [to keep from diving/and or slowing to a stall situation] Turn and bank indicator [for making turns and the use of proper rudder input to keep the aircraft from skidding]
Thick clouds are really just a light mist, flying through them is similar to driving through thick fog, it doesn't affect the performance of the aircraft in the least. It does however affect the pilots ability to see, and most aircraft are equipped with instrumentation which allows the pilot to maintain control and positional awareness even with all windows blotted out. Aircraft which are not so equipped are forbidden from flying into clouds. Aircraft flying into and through clouds can only do so under more restrictive rules requiring constant contact with air-traffic-control.
Yes, telescopes can see through thin clouds to observe celestial objects, but thick clouds can obstruct the view.
no
Weather Radar are used. A weather radar helps a pilot to find out about the weather conditions while flying and they anticipate any changes in the weather.
They are thick and puffy
By swirling over by the clouds
Clouds are actually categorised into groups based on shape and size. Large puffy clouds are called cumulus or cumulonimbus
Thick low clouds that are a sign of rain are called nimbostratus clouds. These clouds are typically gray and cover the sky, producing long periods of steady precipitation.
Nimbostratus clouds are thick, low-level clouds that bring steady rain or snow. These clouds often cover the sky in a blanket of gray or dark gray, and the precipitation they produce can last for a long period of time.