Airplanes experience turbulence due to irregular air movements in the atmosphere, which can be caused by various factors such as weather fronts, thunderstorms, and jet streams. Changes in temperature and pressure can create unstable air pockets, leading to sudden shifts in airflow. Additionally, flying over mountains or through clouds can also contribute to turbulence. While it can be uncomfortable, turbulence is generally safe and a normal part of flying.
Airplanes can handle more turbulence than you can ever imagin. They can handle up to more than 2,000 times of turbulence before their wings can snap off into pieces. Airplanes are over-built with extremely thick and strong illuminum skin and titanium skin. They are also made out of very thick and strong steel making it almost impossible for turbulence to break airplanes into pieces so you are very safe to fly on-board airplanes! Airplanes are over-built with more than 5 layers of thick and strong illuminum skin, titanium skin and steel!
Airplanes not necessarily use supercomputers but, supercomputers are used to design airplanes. One of the many uses of supercomputers is to model how wind and turbulence affect an airplane. Supercomputers are also used in advanced flight simulators.
It might shake only when passing through turbulence. Clouds may or may not be turbulent. Pilots learn which are and which are not turbulent. Clouds that occur in even layers are very smooth. Thunderheads and lenticulars are often violent and are usually best avoided.
The layer of the atmosphere where many airplanes fly to avoid thunderstorms and turbulence is called the stratosphere. This layer is located above the troposphere, where most weather events occur, and provides a more stable environment for aircraft. Commercial airliners typically cruise at altitudes between 30,000 and 40,000 feet, which is within the lower part of the stratosphere.
One advantage is that there is usually less turbulence at higher altitudes. I think because you are flying higher than those "pockets" of turbulence that you experience at lower altitudes.
They wait to allow the wake turbulence from the first aircraft to dissipate. Wake turbulence from heavy jets and those with unique wing designs (such as the B-757) can be extreme and cause other aircraft to lose control. Larger aircraft that might not be affected by the preceding aircraft's wake turbulence can waive or reduce the time required before taking off.
It is highly unlikely for a tornado to pick up an airplane due to its heavy weight and design. Airplanes are built to withstand strong winds and turbulence, and they are not easily lifted off the ground by tornadoes.
The Wright Brothers airplanes were made of wood and cloth. Modern airplanes have metal fuselages (which means that its a closed object, unlike older planes). Modern airplanes are pressurized, which means you can breath at high altitudes. Newer airplanes can carry much more passengers and has much more range. Most new airplanes have either turboprop, turbofan, or turbojet engines, which are much more fuel efficient, less noisy, and more reliable, whereas older airplanes used piston airplanes. They also have more sophisticated technology, such as fly by wire, turbulence avoidance, etc.
Airplanes typically fly in the lower part of the stratosphere, which is located above the troposphere. This layer extends from about 10 to 50 kilometers (6 to 31 miles) above the Earth's surface. Flying in the stratosphere allows planes to avoid most weather disturbances and turbulence found in the troposphere, providing a smoother flight experience.
The layer of the atmosphere where airplanes can generally fly is the stratosphere, which extends from about 10 to 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface. Most commercial airplanes fly in the lower part of the stratosphere, around 10-15 kilometers above the ground, where the air is thinner and there is less turbulence.
The shape of an object affects drag because it determines how air flows around the object. Objects with streamlined shapes, like airplanes, experience less drag because the air can flow smoothly around them. In contrast, objects with irregular shapes or sharp edges create more turbulence, resulting in more drag.
Mid air turbulence caused by air pockets is relatively common and generally not dangerous to a flight. Pilots are trained to handle turbulence and have the necessary skills to navigate through it safely. Passengers may experience discomfort, but the aircraft structure is designed to withstand turbulent conditions.