Looking only at US Presidents, there were four who won the election despite getting less votes than their opponent: most recently George W. Bush, and before him Benjamin Harrison (1888), Rutherford B. Hayes (1876) and John Quincy Adams (1824).
As things look today (the day after the election) Donald Trump may well be the fifth President to win the election while getting less votes than the other candidate. It's a consequence of the 'winner takes all'-system that most US States have.
One
Super Tuesday is when many states hold a primary election. The significance of Super Tuesday is that the political parties announce the presidential candidates.
No US president was elected unanimously by popular vote. The only president elected unanimously by the electoral college was George Washington (There was no popular vote in this election).
There are many ways to get involved, however, the most popular way to get involved is to vote!
in the presidential election, the popular vote of the state is the then the electorate, and depending on how many elector votes the state has (depending on popularity) that's how many votes the candiate gets. so if a large state like California has only a 10% difference, it still goes by the popular vote. if a candidate gets many larger states, but not by a vast amount, it then results with the loss of the popular vote but a win of the elector vote.
no limit
This depends on the election, but generally, there are only a few serious candidates every election.
2
4
True. A primary election is held when there are too many candidates running for the same position. When the primary election is over, the 2 candidates with the most votes will be eligible for the general election.
A cattus
In America, the President, members of Congress (House of Representatives and Senate), as well as many state and local officials are up for election. The specific candidates and offices will vary depending on the election year and the jurisdiction in question.
4 years
it lasts a little over 2 months.
5
The General Election in the 2016 presidential election included 2 candidates - Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Many candidates files with the Federal Election Commission. Democratic candidates filing with the Federal Election Commission included Hillary Clinton, Bernie Sanders, Martin O'Malley, Lawrence Lessig, Jim Webb and Lincoln Chafee. Republican candidates filing with the Federal Election Commission included Donald Trump, Ted Cruz, John Kasich, Ben Carson, Jeb Bush, Marco Rubio, Mark Everson, Bobby Jindal, Mike Huckabee, Carly Fiorina, Rick Perry, Rand Paul, Chris Christie, George Pataki, Ron Santorum, Scott Walker, and Lindsey Graham.
Five parties nominated candidates for the 2008 U.S. Presidential election, the Republican Party, the Democratic Party, the Libertarian Party, the Green Party and the Constitution Party. In addition to their candidates, Ralph Nader ran as an Independent.