Looking only at US Presidents, there were four who won the election despite getting less votes than their opponent: most recently George W. Bush, and before him Benjamin Harrison (1888), Rutherford B. Hayes (1876) and John Quincy Adams (1824).
As things look today (the day after the election) Donald Trump may well be the fifth President to win the election while getting less votes than the other candidate. It's a consequence of the 'winner takes all'-system that most US States have.
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Super Tuesday is when many states hold a primary election. The significance of Super Tuesday is that the political parties announce the presidential candidates.
There are many ways to get involved, however, the most popular way to get involved is to vote!
No US president was elected unanimously by popular vote. The only president elected unanimously by the electoral college was George Washington (There was no popular vote in this election).
in the presidential election, the popular vote of the state is the then the electorate, and depending on how many elector votes the state has (depending on popularity) that's how many votes the candiate gets. so if a large state like California has only a 10% difference, it still goes by the popular vote. if a candidate gets many larger states, but not by a vast amount, it then results with the loss of the popular vote but a win of the elector vote.