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According to Baker, the major political conflict in 20th-century democracies revolved around the tension between liberalism and populism. This conflict emerged as liberal democratic institutions faced challenges from populist movements that sought to address perceived inequalities and disenfranchisement. The struggle highlighted the balance between protecting individual rights and responding to the will of the majority, shaping political discourse and policy throughout the century. Ultimately, this dynamic influenced the evolution of democratic practices and governance.

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