The Founding Fathers were inspired by many different people (especially philosophers) and events, both personal and historical. It was these influences that caused them to create the basis for the government we have today. The Founding Fathers created a government for the people, by the people. Because of their negative experiences with Europe's monarchies, they wanted to ensure that each individual had the freedom to pursue his or her own interest whatever they may be. They also wanted to make certain that no one man obtained enough power to gain control of the country, so they established a series of checks and balances throughout the government. Just look at what it takes to have a bill passed into law - getting your bill sponsored by one or more senators, introducing it to the Senate which must come to a full consensus, then having it approved by the House of Representatives, all before it finally becomes a law. If any one of these parts goes awry (the House does not approve, or the EPA thinks it is not environmentally friendly, etc.), the bill will immediately be vetoed.
The ideals of the Founding Fathers were manifested in the constitution. You can see where they got their inspiration by analyzing the Constitution. For instance, the theories of an English philosopher, john Locke, who believed in tolerance, equality, and independence were used throughout the Constitution, whose basis is, of course, people's right to, "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." This idea was taken from Locke's theory that each person has a right to life liberty, and the pursuit of property.
Our government has gone through many changes over time, yet the ideas of the Founding Fathers remain, and can be seen throughout the branches of our government, and the laws of the Constitution. In order to preserve their ideals, we must preserve our constitution.
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Limited Government is the idea that the government does not have complete power. Citizens have certain rights that the government cannot take away.
The Founders felt that the British government was not protecting their rights because the British stopped the colonists' trial in the jury, taxed the colonists without their consent, and didn't always go for common good.
Representative Government