A member of the House of Representatives may introduce a bill at any time the House is in session. However, the bill has to come out of committee and be brought to the floor of the House for discussion and vote.
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Yes they can, but after they do it goes to committee. In committee they can rewrite the bill, keep it the way it is written, add to it (this often happens), table it over another time, send it back to the person who wrote it, or veto it completely which kills it. If it passes committee it goes to the house for a vote. If it passes the House it goes to the Senate and starts all over with the committee doing the same things as the House. If it passes both bodies of Congress it goes to the President who can sign it, veto it, or do a pocket veto which means he doesn't sign or comment on it for 10 days. In the last few years Presidents have signed bills but added a signing statement. This states that he signed the bill but won't follow the bill because he didn't like it. Clinton signed 600 of these and Bush did 800. I am not sure if Obama has done any statements.
Both parts of the legislature can introduce bills but only the house can start bills about money.
Anyone can write, draft a bill. But only a member of congress can sponsor the bill. The bill must be sponsored by a member before it can go to the floor for debate.
House of Representatives :)
The Senate cannot introduce bills for raising revenue. Article 1, Section 7 of the US Constitution states that All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other bills
Always in a Committee like all other bills, before starting as defined in the constitution, in the House of Representatives.
In the US, at least, interest groups, like individual citizens, can encourage legislators to propose legislation for any purpose they wish. At the federal level, only a Senator or member of the House of Representatives can officially introduce a bill for Congressional consideration.