Which Enlightenment philosopher is most directly responsible for the idea that government should be separated into multiple branches to keep each one in check?

Answer 1

The Enlightenment philosopher most directly responsible for the idea of separating government into multiple branches is Montesquieu. In his work "The Spirit of the Laws," he argued for the separation of powers into legislative, executive, and judicial branches to prevent any single entity from gaining too much power. This concept significantly influenced modern democratic governments, particularly the framers of the U.S. Constitution. Montesquieu's ideas were foundational in promoting the system of checks and balances that is essential in contemporary governance.