The second estate
The Third Estate
The Third Estate in France, which comprised the common people, faced numerous taxes, including the taille (a direct tax on land), the gabelle (a tax on salt), and various feudal dues owed to local lords. They were burdened with about half of their income going to taxes, unlike the privileged First and Second Estates, which were largely exempt from many taxes. This heavy taxation contributed to widespread discontent leading up to the French Revolution.
In 1789, the primary taxpayers in France were members of the Third Estate, which included commoners such as peasants, workers, and the bourgeoisie. They bore the burden of the majority of taxes, including direct taxes like the taille and indirect taxes on goods. In contrast, the nobility and clergy, representing the First and Second Estates, were largely exempt from many taxes, leading to widespread discontent and contributing to the onset of the French Revolution. This inequitable tax system was a significant factor in the call for reform and social change.
A taille
The answer is Taille or Land Tax
The Third Estate
The Third Estate
The Third Estate
The Third Estate
From paying taxes.
The Third Estate
the third estate (le tiers état)
Only the third, the first and second were exempt!
In France, the taille was a direct tax primarily levied on the common people, particularly the peasantry and the bourgeoisie. The nobility and the clergy were typically exempt from paying the taille, which contributed to significant social and economic disparities. This taxation system was one of the grievances that fueled discontent leading up to the French Revolution.
Frances Antonucci has written: 'Saving taxes after death' -- subject(s): Decedents' estates, Taxation, Tax planning
1. The first and second estates were exempt from most taxes (taille, or land tax), while the third estate was not 2. The third estate was forced to pay feudal dues to the nobles and the king 3. There was no redress for the land damage of the third estate homes 4. The higher estates banned hunting that was necessary for survival among the people of the third estate
"la taille" what's your size? = quelle est votre taille ?