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There were several of the Founding Fathers among the delegates to the Constitutional Convention beginning in February 1787. It became clear that amending the Articles of Confederation would be futile, and a new document was drawn up. The delegates worked under the guidance of Convention president George Washington, and officers Nathaniel Gorham, George Wythe, and William Jackson. The floor leaders were James Madison and James Wilson, but much of the final negotiations took place in secret committee meetings.

The "Committee of Detail" produced a draft document by August 6, 1787. The document was prepared by chairman John Rutledgeand members Edmund Randolph, Oliver Ellsworth, James Wilson, and Nathaniel Gorham. After further examining new sections added by the writers, a separate "Committee of Style" penned the final document beginning on September 8, 1787. This committee was chaired by William Samuel Johnson, and included Alexander Hamilton, Gouverneur Morris, James Madison, and Rufus King.

Anti-Federalists were unsuccessful in including a Bill of Rights, so a set of 12 amendments were presented to Congress two years later (1789) by James Madison. The Constitution itself was adopted September 17, 1787 and ratified on June 21, 1788.

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