The most recent Cabinet member to become U. S. President was Herbert Hoover, who served as Secretary of Commerce from 1921 until 1928.
(The most recent Cabinet member to become U. S. Vice President was Dick Cheney, who served as Secretary of Defense from 1989 until 1993.)
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The seating order at cabinet meetings most accurately reflects the importance, in the Presidents eyes, of those cabinet departments. It is far more likely the Secretary of State and Secretary of Defense would be seated closer to the President than the Secretary of Education.
It can happen. For example, while normally the Secretary of State is fourth in the line of Presidential succession, when Nixon was President his Secretary of State was Henry Kissinger, who was not a "natural-born citizen of the United States" and thus ineligible for the position of President. I don't believe any of the current cabinet members would be ineligible under this rule, but obviously that could change at any time.
If she were already President, then her Vice President would become president. If you are asking who is next in the line of succession following the Secretary of State, see below: Following the normal line of succession (adopted by Congress in 1947) and assuming that the office positions were vacated due to death during a current presidential term, the succession to the oval office would be: # President # Vice President # Speaker of the House # President Pro-Tempore of the Senate # Secretary of State # Secretary of the Treasury # Secretary of Defense # Attorney General If the line of succession indeed got to the Secretary of State, and that person became incapacitated and could no longer serve as President, then the next inline would be the Secretary of the Treasury - assuming that a Vice President had not yet been appointed. If a new VP had been appointed, then the VP would become President. See the link below for the current list for the office terms of 2004 - 2008:
Louis XIV of France built the colossal Palace of Versailles. In that palace he made sure all his enemies and advisers lived with him. He couldn't meet with all of them at the same time, so whenever he was in the bathroom doing his business, his advisers would speak with him and make decisions through the cabinet door. The reference to the cabinet is where the idea for the name of the President's cabinet originates.
* 1.President of the United States * 2. Vice President * 3. Speaker of the house Then followed by the President's Cabinet in the following order of succession: * 4. Secretary of State * 5. Secretary of the Treasury * 6. Secretary of Defense * 7. Attorney General * 8. Secretary of the Interior * 9. Secretary of Agriculture * 10. Secretary of Commerce * 11. Secretary of Labor * 12. Secretary of Health & Human Services * 13. Secretary of Housing & Urban Development * 14. Secretary of Transportation * 15. Secretary of Energy * 16. Secretary of Education * 17. Secretary of Veterans' Affairs * 18. Secretary of Homeland Security