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Historians see the death of Theodosius in 395 as the point at which the eastern and western parts of the Roman Empire split. This was not due to an imperial decision to do so. It was due to circumstances which led to loss of unity. Theodosius designated his two sons as co-emperors (Arcadius in the east and Honorius in the west). This was not new. There had been several co-emperorships with one man in charge of the west and the other in charge of the east. However, the two sons were young, inexperienced and incompetent. Powerful politicians in the east and the west took advantage of this to conspire against each other. There was also a plot in the west to seize some of the land of the east. In Addition to this, the Germanic invasions of the western part of the Roman Empire began 11 years later. The western part started to crumble under the weight of these invasions and eventually fell. Apart from one joint effort to unseat the Vandal from northwest Africa, there were no joint efforts by the two parts of the empire to co-ordinate action against the invaders. Eventually, the eastern emperor also begun to interfere with the politics of the west.

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