nothing
By snatching the crown away from the Pope and placing it on his head himself.
Shock is usually caused by trauma, blood loss, dehydration or massive infection
Thermal shock is a result of parts of an object that incurs damage from a sudden temperature change. People can also have thermal shock in their bodies as a result of sudden temperature change.
Monotube gas shock absorbers, or De Carbon shocks
Yep, some vehicles still use the shock absorber but many use the strut assembly which has many functions other than the just the duties of a shock absorber.
On a 2001 Ford Crown Victoria : The air suspension switch is in the trunk , on the drivers side ( there should be a label beside the switch )
You'd probably go with add-a-leaf springs, replace the pittman arm, replace the shock absorbers.
I´m the owner of 1991 model and I have made a rebuilding, and I think that the rear shock can interchange for for all the models between 1989 and 2000
The crown
13"
By snatching the crown away from the Pope and placing it on his head himself.
Could be loose exhaust pipe or bracket, loose top bushing on shock, or check top of air bag to make sure it is tight. Check all control arm bushings also.
shock waves do not have a well defined wavelength, they most closely resemble a step function.
12 1/2"
13 1/2 inch
compress the suspension and measure. Fully flex the suspension and measure. You will be measuring the length between the two shock mounts. At that point you can order whatever shock you need based off of the length and not vehicle specific.
I just put A distraught Momma nearly sent me into a state of shock when the scruff of my neck was picked up. But if anyone can figure this out, as I's and me still confuse me, thank you!