yes
The Viking 1 and Viking 2 missions consisted of both an orbiter and a lander. The landers successfully touched down on the surface of Mars, while the orbiters remained in Mars' orbit to relay communications and data between the landers and Earth.
There have been no human space missions to Mars. The only missions to Mars to date have been through flybys with space craft, orbiters, and land rovers.
A lander probe is a type of spacecraft designed to land on the surface of a celestial body, such as a planet or moon, to conduct scientific research and gather data. Unlike orbiters, which remain in space and study the body from afar, landers are equipped with instruments to analyze soil, atmosphere, and other surface features directly. They often deploy scientific instruments, cameras, and sometimes even rovers to explore their surroundings. Examples include the Mars landers like Viking, Phoenix, and Perseverance.
The two VIKING probes arrived in Mars orbit in 1976 when they started sending photographs back to Earth. The two orbiters continued sending photographs and the landers conducted experiments on the planet's surface until they failed as follows:Viking 2 Orbiter: July 1978 Viking 2 Lander: April 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter: August 1980 Viking 1 Lander: November 1982.
Mars
yes
Lander
The Viking 1 and Viking 2 missions consisted of both an orbiter and a lander. The landers successfully touched down on the surface of Mars, while the orbiters remained in Mars' orbit to relay communications and data between the landers and Earth.
The purpose of the Viking 1 and Viking 2 missions, which were launched by NASA in 1975, was to search for signs of life on Mars. These missions consisted of a combination of orbiters, landers, and instruments designed to analyze the Martian surface and atmosphere for potential biological activity.
They were rover missions to Mars.
A significant discovery of the Viking 1 and 2 orbiters was the presence of geological formations (river valleys , branched stream networks, erosion evidence) suggesting a significant presence of water on the planet at some point in time. The Viking landers performed biological experiments that failed to detect signs of life in the martian soil; these experiments were later deemed to be inconclusive.
There have been no human space missions to Mars. The only missions to Mars to date have been through flybys with space craft, orbiters, and land rovers.
The Viking 1 lander reached Mars on July 20, 1976, followed by the Viking 2 lander on September 3, 1976. These missions marked the first successful landings on Mars and provided valuable data about the planet's surface and atmosphere.
A lander probe is a type of spacecraft designed to land on the surface of a celestial body, such as a planet or moon, to conduct scientific research and gather data. Unlike orbiters, which remain in space and study the body from afar, landers are equipped with instruments to analyze soil, atmosphere, and other surface features directly. They often deploy scientific instruments, cameras, and sometimes even rovers to explore their surroundings. Examples include the Mars landers like Viking, Phoenix, and Perseverance.
The two VIKING probes arrived in Mars orbit in 1976 when they started sending photographs back to Earth. The two orbiters continued sending photographs and the landers conducted experiments on the planet's surface until they failed as follows:Viking 2 Orbiter: July 1978 Viking 2 Lander: April 1980 Viking 1 Orbiter: August 1980 Viking 1 Lander: November 1982.
Mars
lander