He concluded that all of space was expanding.
Answer2:
Hubble did not conclude that all space was expanding! Hubble concluded that he did not know what the redshift was.
1. "Red shifts represent Doppler effects, physical recession of the nebulae, or the action of some hitherto unrecognized principle in nature."
2. If the nebulae are stationary, the law of red shifts is sensibly linear ; red shifts are a constant multiple of distances. In other words, each unit of light path contributes the same amount of red shift.
3. On the other hand, if the nebulae are receding, and the dimming factors are applied, the scale of distances is altered, and the law of red shifts is no longer linear. The rate of expansion increases more and more rapidly with distance. The significance of this result becomes clear when the picture is reversed. Light that reaches us today left the distant nebulae far back in the dim past - hundreds of millions of years ago. When we say that the rate of expansion increases with distance, we are saying that long ago, the universe was expanding much faster than it is today ; that, for the last several million years at least, the rate of expansion has been slowing down. Therefore, the so-called "age of the universe," the time interval since the expansion began, is much shorter than the 1800 million years suggested by a linear law of red shifts. If the measures are reliable, the interval would be less than 1000 million years - a fraction of the age of the earth and comparable with the history of life on the earth. The nature of the expansion is permissible and, in fact, specifies certain types of possible worlds. But the time scale is probably not acceptable. Either the measures are unreliable or red shifts do not represent expansion of the universe.
Hubble admits to not knowing what the red shift is, he considers it a. Doppler effects, b. physical recession of the nebulae, or c. the action of some hitherto unrecognized principle in nature. The answer is c. the hitherto unrecognized principle in nature. The short answer is the red shift is the inverse of the refreaction coefficient, v/c= 1/n. The red shift is derived from the so-called "dark Energy", cP = cmV. Current Theories do not account for this because they do not recognize vector energy cP and Quaternion energy,
W = -vh/l + cP = -vp + cP
The red shift comes from the Continuity Condition where the centripetal force vp/r is balanced by the centrifugal force cDEL.P= -cp/r cos(P) thud
vp/r=cp/r cos(P) gives
v/c=cos(P) = 1/n
This is the hitherto unrecognized prijnciple of nature, the Divergence of the vector energy produces the anti-gravity force (centrifugal ) that prevents the gravitational collapse, the earth from falling into the sun and the electrons from falling into the nucleus. Newton and Einstein did not consider the energy, cP, associated with momentum P, that is the "Dark Energy". This energy cP is the particel energy with different velocities v=(GM/r)^.5 for mass; v=Alpha Z c for electrons; and v=c for photons. Mass n= c/v; electrons n= alpha Z; and photons n=1.
The discovery of redshift in the spectra of light from distant galaxies was made by astronomer Vesto Melvin Slipher in the early 20th century. He noticed that many galaxies appeared to be moving away from us based on the shift of their spectral lines towards the red end of the spectrum. This laid the foundation for the theory of the expanding universe.
The evidence for Hubble's Law, which shows the relationship between distance and recession velocity of galaxies, was collected through observing the redshift of light from galaxies. Astronomers used spectroscopy to measure the redshift of galaxies, which is caused by the Doppler effect as the galaxies move away from us. By studying the redshift of galaxies at different distances, astronomers were able to support the idea that the universe is expanding.
Redshift is the phenomenon where light from distant galaxies appears to be shifted towards longer (redder) wavelengths. This is due to the expansion of the universe causing the galaxies to move away from us. The amount of redshift is directly related to the distance of the galaxy from us, with more distant galaxies experiencing higher redshift.
Redshift is a phenomenon where light from distant galaxies appears redder than expected due to the expansion of the universe. It tells us that the universe is expanding and provides evidence for the Big Bang theory. By studying the redshift of galaxies, scientists can understand the rate of expansion and the age of the universe.
The redshift of galaxies refers to the phenomenon where the light from distant galaxies shifts toward the red end of the spectrum, indicating that they are moving away from us. This observation, first noted by Edwin Hubble, suggests that the universe is expanding, as galaxies are not just receding from Earth but from each other. The greater the redshift, the faster a galaxy is moving away, supporting the idea that space itself is stretching. This relationship is encapsulated in Hubble's Law, which quantifies the expansion rate of the universe.
The Big Bang theory was set up to explain observations - for example, the redshift of distant galaxies, which is usually interpreted to mean that the galaxies move away from us.
The discovery of redshift in the spectra of light from distant galaxies was made by astronomer Vesto Melvin Slipher in the early 20th century. He noticed that many galaxies appeared to be moving away from us based on the shift of their spectral lines towards the red end of the spectrum. This laid the foundation for the theory of the expanding universe.
Some nearby galaxies move towards us (blueshift), some move away from us (redshift). Galaxies that are farther away all move away from us (redshift); this means that the Universe is expanding.
The redshift of distant galaxies, and the fact that the degree of redshift depends on the distance between us and those galaxies. What we observe can only be explained by Hubble Expansion.
The redshift of distant galaxies.
The evidence for Hubble's Law, which shows the relationship between distance and recession velocity of galaxies, was collected through observing the redshift of light from galaxies. Astronomers used spectroscopy to measure the redshift of galaxies, which is caused by the Doppler effect as the galaxies move away from us. By studying the redshift of galaxies at different distances, astronomers were able to support the idea that the universe is expanding.
The redshift of distant galaxies is due to the expansion of the universe. As galaxies move away from us, the light they emit is stretched to longer wavelengths, shifting them towards the red end of the spectrum. This phenomenon is known as cosmological redshift and is a key piece of evidence supporting the Big Bang theory.
The main evidence that the universe is expanding comes from observations of the redshift of distant galaxies. This redshift indicates that galaxies are moving away from each other, which suggests that the universe is getting bigger. Additionally, measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation also support the idea of an expanding universe.
Nearby galaxies won't show much of a redshift, because they aren't moving away very quickly - or at all. For example, the Andromeda Galaxy, M31, is actually getting closer - and will collide with the Milky Way in about 3 billion years.
It will be impossible for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey to map and redshift all 100 billion galaxies in the observable universe.
Most galaxies exhibit a redshift, meaning that they move away from us.
The redshift of distant galaxies is believed to be a result of the Doppler effect - in other words, the light is shifted towards lower frequencies ("redshifted") due to the fact that the galaxies move away from us.