By their color, primarily. There is a very strong correlation between the stars color and it's temperature.
The surface temperature of a star is indicated by its color or spectral type. Blue stars have higher surface temperatures compared to red stars. By analyzing the star's color and spectrum, astronomers can determine its surface temperature.
No. Red stars have the lowest surface temperatures while blue stars have the highest.
The color of a star does not directly determine its age. Red stars are large and a little less hot then the Sun. Scientists can use the color of a star to determine its heat and then using that and its mass determine how old it is.
Studying the spectrum of a star can provide information about its temperature, composition, and motion. By analyzing the absorption and emission lines in a star's spectrum, astronomers can determine its chemical composition, surface temperature, and whether it is moving closer or farther away from Earth. This information helps astronomers understand the physical properties of stars and their roles in the evolution of galaxies.
The answer is long and complicated, and it is too long to place here. You need to read an entire encyclopedia articles on spectroscopy and the chemical composition of intersteller objects. D.A.W.
The surface temperature of a star is indicated by its color or spectral type. Blue stars have higher surface temperatures compared to red stars. By analyzing the star's color and spectrum, astronomers can determine its surface temperature.
No. Red stars have the lowest surface temperatures while blue stars have the highest.
The color of a star does not directly determine its age. Red stars are large and a little less hot then the Sun. Scientists can use the color of a star to determine its heat and then using that and its mass determine how old it is.
Studying the spectrum of a star can provide information about its temperature, composition, and motion. By analyzing the absorption and emission lines in a star's spectrum, astronomers can determine its chemical composition, surface temperature, and whether it is moving closer or farther away from Earth. This information helps astronomers understand the physical properties of stars and their roles in the evolution of galaxies.
compositions and temperatures
Red stars have the lowest surface temperatures.
It can be used to determine a Stars lifetime, its different stages.
The smallest stars in the main sequence are the stars with cooler surface temperatures.
Stellar temperature can be measured by analysing the spectrum of light that stars emit; shorter wavelengths correspond to higher temperatures.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopy
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The temperatures of stars from hottest to coldest are blue stars, white stars, yellow stars (like our sun), orange stars, and red stars. Blue stars can have surface temperatures exceeding 30,000K, while red stars typically have surface temperatures around 3,000K.