prominece
Sunspots are typically between 3000-4000 degrees Celsius. This is, relatively speaking, cool compared to the normal photosphere temperature of about 5500 degrees Celsius.
Red
This phenomenon occurs because as the core contracts and heats up, more energy is produced and radiated outward. This increased radiation pressure pushes on the outer layers of the star, causing them to expand and cool down. As a result, the photosphere expands and cools even though the core is contracting and heating up.
If it is small and cool enough it could be a "brown dwarf". If it is a little warmer it is called a "Red Dwarf".
In order from the core to the outer extremes.Main areas in bold1. Core2. Radiative zone3. Convective zone4. Photosphere5. Chromosphere6. Corona7. Sunspot8. Granules9. ProminenceSee link for more information.
Nuclear fusion
solar flare
Sunspots are typically between 3000-4000 degrees Celsius. This is, relatively speaking, cool compared to the normal photosphere temperature of about 5500 degrees Celsius.
cool
2 degrees Celsius is relatively cool, equivalent to 35.6 degrees Fahrenheit. It is above freezing but still considered chilly.
Sunspots are areas on the sun's photosphere which appear black in telescopes. In actuality, they are bright but are cooler than the surrounding photosphere and so appear darker. They are magnetic storms on the surface of the sun, and the hot plasma is shunted towards either the negative or positive poles, thereby creating a 'cool spot' on the photosphere. These storms have an 11-year cycle which has yet to be well understood.
Red
The lithosphere.
Many people would consider that relatively cool.
above
Warm air is typically found above cool air due to the process of convection, where warm air rises and cool air sinks. This is why the upper atmosphere is warmer than the lower atmosphere in most cases.
This phenomenon occurs because as the core contracts and heats up, more energy is produced and radiated outward. This increased radiation pressure pushes on the outer layers of the star, causing them to expand and cool down. As a result, the photosphere expands and cools even though the core is contracting and heating up.