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The first animals sent into space were fruit flies aboard a US-launched
V-2 rocket on February 20, 1947.

Albert II, a Rhesus Monkey, became the first monkey in space on
June 14, 1949, in a U.S.-launched V-2.

On August 31, 1950, the U.S. launched a mouse into space aboard
a V2, but the rocket disintegrated because the parachute system
failed and the mouse was killed.

On July 22, 1951, the Soviet Union launched the R-1 IIIA-1 flight,
carrying the dogs Tsygan and Dezik into space, but not into orbit.
These two dogs were the first living higher organisms successfully
recovered from a spaceflight.

On November 3, 1957, the second-ever orbiting spacecraft carried
the first animal into orbit, the dog Laika, launched aboard the Soviet
Sputnik 2 spacecraft. Since no means of recovery from orbit existed
yet, there was never any intention for Laika to survive, and the grisly
flight-plan was carried out perfectly, except that she died in agony
sooner than expected when the spacecraft's cooling system failed.
The whole inspiring technological triumph was televised.

On December 13, 1958, a Jupiter IRBM, AM-13, was launched from
Cape Canaveral, Florida, with a United States Navy-trained South
American squirrel monkey named Gordo on board. The nose cone
recovery parachute failed to operate and Gordo was lost.

Monkeys Able and Baker became the first monkeys to survive
spaceflight after their May 28, 1959 flight.

Originally, NASA wanted to send pigs into space because their organs
are most like humans, but when a pig died during training, it was
decided to use monkeys. NASA found out the hard way that you
can't lay a pig on its back.

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