The mariner missions were the first to flyby and orbit mars
Mars
Mars.
The first flyby of Mars occurred in 1965, by Mariner 4 taking the first 22 closeup shots of Mars. See related link for more information
The first spacecraft sent to Mars was the Soviet Union's Mars 1M No.1, also known as "Marsnik 1", which launched on October 10th, 1960. It was lost in a launch failure. The first spacecraft to do a flyby of Mars was NASA's Mariner 4, which launched on November 28th, 1964. The flyby was conducted on July 14-15th of that same year. Six years later, NASA's Mariner 9 was the first spacecraft to enter orbit around the planet of Mars on November 14th, 1971. Lastly, the first spacecraft to make contact with the surface of Mars was the Soviet Union's Mars 2, which touched down on November 27th, 1971.
The mariner missions were the first to flyby and orbit mars
Mars
Mars.
The first flyby of Mars occurred in 1965, by Mariner 4 taking the first 22 closeup shots of Mars. See related link for more information
The first spacecraft sent to Mars was the Soviet Union's Mars 1M No.1, also known as "Marsnik 1", which launched on October 10th, 1960. It was lost in a launch failure. The first spacecraft to do a flyby of Mars was NASA's Mariner 4, which launched on November 28th, 1964. The flyby was conducted on July 14-15th of that same year. Six years later, NASA's Mariner 9 was the first spacecraft to enter orbit around the planet of Mars on November 14th, 1971. Lastly, the first spacecraft to make contact with the surface of Mars was the Soviet Union's Mars 2, which touched down on November 27th, 1971.
Luna 1 was the first successful flyby satellite launch to the Moon.
Luna 1 was the first successful flyby satellite launch to the Moon.
The first mission to Mars was Mars 1 a Soviet flyby probe that flew past Mars and took some picutres. The first probe to orbit Mars was Mariner 9. The first probe to try to land on Mars was Mars 2 a Soviet lander probe. It crashed and was destroyed on impact. The first successful landing on Mars was Viking 1 which sent back many picuters of the area around the landing site. So far there have been no manned missions to Mars.
It didn't a small object hit it and the connection was lost. However, it did flyby Mars on July 14 and 15, 1965.
Soviet Union
luna 1
The first satellite to observe Mars in a flyby manner was Mariner 4, launched on the 28th of November 1964 and making a rendezvous with Mars on the 5th of December 1964. However the first probes to make a surface landing on mars were two soviet probes called Mars 2 and Mars 3, landing on the 27th of November 1971 and the 2nd of December 1971 respectively. These probes, however, fell out of contact shortly after landing. The first probe to successfully land and send back pictures were NASA's Viking 1 and Viking 2, landing in 1976 with the former remaining operational for six years and the latter for three.