Chromosphere and corona
It is called the Corona, it's made up of a low density of Plasma and it can only be seen during eclipses
Because absence of sunlight is the definition of night.
A solar eclipse covers a very narrow path on the Earth, so usually not many people get a chance to see one. It doesn't help that the Earth is 75% water, and some solar eclipses never touch land at all. Lunar eclipses happen on the Moon, not on the Earth, so the entire night-side of the Earth can see it. As for how long the eclipse lasts, solar eclipses last longer because the Earth is bigger than the Moon is. However, the path of totality travels quickly over the Earth, and if you're standing on the Earth watching the eclipse, the eclipse will be over - for YOU - quickly, because the Moon's shadow has moved on. If you could be in a supersonic aircraft keeping up with it, you would be able to see that it actually lasts longer, but from one spot on Earth, a solar eclipse comes and goes VERY quickly.
It has over 6 layers, one of which is the corona. You can only see the corona during a total solar eclipse.
Lunar eclipses are more frequent than solar eclipses. The quick-and-dirty reason for this is because the earth casts a larger shadow than the moon. Lunar eclipses are also quite a bit longer in duration than solar eclipses. Solar eclipses last minutes, and lunar eclipses can last hours.
Chromosphere and corona
Lunar eclipses can only be see at night. Solar eclipses are visible during the day.
The outermost layer of the sun is the corona. Only visible during eclipses, it is a low density cloud of plasma with higher transparency than the inner layers.
Solar eclipses occur when the moon moves in front of the sun, causing the suns light to be temporarily blocked. Since the sun is only visible from the Earth's surface during the day, this is the only time that a solar eclipse can occur.
Lunar eclipses are visible only at night, whereas you can only see a solar one during the day.
Sometimes there can be more solar eclipses or more lunar eclipses in a given year, but they're pretty even on average. However, because a solar eclipse is only visible along a narrow track on the Earth's surface, whereas a lunar eclipse is visible from anywhere the Moon is visible, it is much more common to SEE a lunar eclipse. ======================================= During the 100 years from 1901 to 2000, there were 228 solar eclipses and 229 lunar ones, for an average rate of about 2.3 of each per year.
There are generally two lunar eclipses per year. Sometimes the eclipses are only visible in other places on the Earth, and the "penumbral" eclipses generally aren't noticable.
Lunar eclipses and solar eclipses happen EQUALLY often; about two of each kind per year. However, solar eclipses are visible only across a small path on the Earth, while lunar eclipses are visible from the entire nighttime hemisphere of the planet.
The Corona-sphere and the Photosphere
Solar eclipses are visible only for a small portion of the Earth's surface where the moon covers the sun. Lunar eclipses in which the Earth's shadow covers the moon are visible for long distances but it's the color of the moon effected by those not the Earth.
There are eclipses of the sun (solar), and eclipses of the moon (lunar). At different places on the Earth, each of those may be total or partial. Sometimes only a partial eclipse is visible anywhere.
Lunar eclipses are usually visible for anyone who is on the night side of the Earth. Solar eclipses are limited to a very narrow area for only a few minutes.