The future King Malcolm III [d. November 13, 1093] wanted the throne of Scotland. He didn't want to make the mistake of his father, King Duncan I [d. August 14, 1040], and trust the wrong people. Indeed, his father had trusted Macdonwald, who rebelled against his sovereign and his country; the Thane of Cawdor, who betrayed his king and his country to King Sweno of Norway; and Macbeth, who killed him. So Malcolm wanted to make sure that Macduff had no ambitions other than to avenge the murder of his entire family and household under Macbeth's orders.
Also, Malcolm's theory was that Macduff praised Macbeth highly (and the feeling was returned), even though he is now a victim of Macbeth's tyrannical power (when Macbeth had his family killed). "This tyrant .../was once thought honest, you have loved him well" (12-13); it is because of the reasoning presented in this quote that Malcolm thinks that Macduff might want to betray him to Macbeth.
Malcolm pretends to have all those vices to test Macduff's loyalty to Scotland and assess his true intentions. By accusing himself of vices, Malcolm is probing Macduff's loyalty to see if he is trustworthy and truly willing to fight for Scotland against Macbeth.
Macduff's threat to leave makes Malcolm realize the extent of his loyal followers and the importance of maintaining their trust. It also prompts Malcolm to prove his commitment to Scotland and regain Macduff's support by revealing his true intentions and moral character. Ultimately, Macduff's threat serves as a turning point in the story, leading to a deeper bond between the two characters and strengthening their resolve to overthrow Macbeth.
Malcolm asks Macduff about his family to test his loyalty and see if Macduff is truly trustworthy. He pretends to be a tyrant like Macbeth to see if Macduff would still support him.
By not committing to join Macduff in overthrowing Macbeth, Malcolm gains the opportunity to test Macduff's loyalty and dedication to the cause. It also allows Malcolm to assess Macduff's character and leadership abilities before fully trusting him in the rebellion against Macbeth.
Malcolm reveals his flaws to Macduff in order to test his loyalty and see if he truly has Scotland's best interests at heart. By pretending to be a worse candidate for king than he actually is, Malcolm is able to gauge Macduff's reaction and trustworthiness.
Malcolm pretends to be a greedy, lustful, and evil man.
Unlike his father who trusted too easily, Malcolm does not trust Macduff. He does not trust him because he thinks that Macduff may be secretly working for Macbeth. To test this theory he rambles lies giving examples of how he is not fit to be king. However, it is Macduff's polite reaction of disagreeing with Malcolm which makes Malcolm believe Macduff.
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Malcolm tells Macduff that if he had complete power, he would be even more tyrannical and corrupt than Macbeth, making him an unfit ruler. This is part of Malcolm's test to see if Macduff is truly loyal to Scotland and not just seeking power for himself.
Macbeth didn't think Macduff was a threat because the witches said "None of woman born shall harm Macbeth." Macbeth welcomes this good news and, assuming Macduff was born the natural way, Macbeth thinks he has nothing to fear.