The camshaft.
push rods connected to the camshaft
The camshaft ( it actuates the opening and closing of the cylinder head valves) has to be synchronized with the crankshaft (via the timing belt). Otherwise the pistons would hit and bend the valves. The spark plug firing has to be synchronized to the compression of the gas fuel mixture. The fuel injectors have to be synchronized to the opening of the intake valves.
The camshaft typically turns at half the speed of the crankshaft in a four-stroke engine. This is because the camshaft is driven by the crankshaft and needs to rotate once for every two rotations of the crankshaft to synchronize the opening and closing of the engine's valves. This ratio ensures that the intake and exhaust valves operate at the correct times during the engine's cycle.
The purpose of a camshaft is to open and close the intake and exaust valves.
Lobes on camshaft spaced correctly
Operate the valves.
The camshaft opens the valve via its Lobes, against the valve spring, to open. The valve springs closes the valve back.
the camshaft position sensor is used to synchronize the fuel injection system with the opening of the intake valves. It synchs the cam shaft location with the crankshaft location It can be in a distributor or it can read a tone wheel on the cam shaft.
The camshaft operates the valves on a 4 cycle engine.
The camshaft is typically located in the engine, either in the cylinder head (overhead camshaft) or in the engine block (cam-in-block configuration). Its primary function is to control the timing of the opening and closing of the engine's intake and exhaust valves. In modern engines, camshafts are often driven by a timing belt or chain connected to the crankshaft.
In a car: the cams control the opening and closing of the valves. The fact that it's "overhead" just means that the camshaft is above the cylinders instead of alongside them. In high speed engines this is considered an advantage - because of simpler linkage between the cams and the valves.