The easiest way to modulate from G to F major is by modulating down to C major on the way. In that way you are moving down the circle of fourths/fifths.
The way you would modulate from D major to Bb major would be passing through a D minor chord then modulating to G minor to get to Bb major.
The corresponding minor key to G Major is e minor. The key signature will be the same, one sharp: F#.
There are five major seconds which occur in the key of F major - the first major second is between F and G, then between G and A, then between B-flat and C, then between C and D and finally between D and E. I hope this answers your question.
E A major second is equivalent to a whole note, or two semitones, and two semitones down from G-flat (which is enharmonically equivalent to F-sharp) is E, although it might be written as F-flat depending on the key signature. F-flat, E to G-flat would be a diminished 3rd, not a major second..
G major transposed down a major second becomes F major. In the G major scale, the notes are G, A, B, C, D, E, and F#. When you lower each note by a whole step (major second), the resulting scale is F, G, A, Bb, C, D, and E.
The easiest way to modulate from G to F major is by modulating down to C major on the way. In that way you are moving down the circle of fourths/fifths.
In a mjor key, Do will be the name of each Key. In F major, Do will be on F. In G Major, Do will be on G. In Bb Major, Do will be on Bb. In C major, Do will be on C.
The key of G Major has one sharp: F#
The notes in the key of G major are: G, A, B, C, D, E and F#.
The key of G Major has one sharp: F#
F#, C#, and G#.
The answer to this question is not always simple, however if you want a definite answer, look at the tips below: If you wanted to end on a perfect cadence, you should modulate to a G major chord and then move down to the tonic chord (C major). If you wanted to end on a plagal cadence, you would modulate up a fourth to a F major chord and then resolve on a C major chord. If you wanted to end on am imperfect cadence you simply modulate to the dominant chord (in this case G major) and end there. Finally, if you wanted to end on an interrupted cadence you modulate from the tonic chord (C major) to the relative minor, an A minor chord. So in most cases a song which began in C major should end in the tonic key (C major), however a song in C major can end in G major (an imperfect cadence) or in A minor (an interrupted cadence). Hope this helps.
In B flat major the F is a natural F. In G major the F is F sharp unless you are told otherwise.
G Major has just 1 sharp and it is F#
The key of F major has the following key notes: F, G, A, Bb, C, D, and E.
The major chords in the key of C are C major, F major, and G major.
There are five key signatures with G sharp, they are: A major/F♯ minor (3 sharps) E major/ C♯ minor (4 sharps) B major/G♯ minor (5 sharps) F♯ major/D♯ minor (6 sharps) C♯ major/A♯ minor (7 sharps)