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What are vascular plants?
Most plants are vascular plants.
What is the cells of a plant that move food either up or down the stem to other parts of the plant are called?
The cells in plants that move food either up or down the stem to other parts of the plant are called sieve tubes. These tubes are part of the phloem tissue and are responsible for transporting sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant.
What does the phloem cell do?
The phloem originates, and grows outwards from, meristematic cells in the vascular cambium. Phloem is produced in phases. Primary phloem is laid down by the apical meristem and develops from the procambium. Secondary phloem is laid down by the vascular cambium to the inside of the established layer(s) of phloem. In some eudicot families (Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae), phloem also develops on the inner side of the vascular cambium; in this case a distinction between external phloem and internal phloem or intraxylary phloem is made. Internal phloem is mostly primary, and begins differentiation later than the external phloem and protoxylem, though it's not without exceptions. In some other families (Amaranthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Salvadoraceae) the cambium also periodically forms inward strands or layers of phloem, embedded in the xylem: such phloem strands are called included phloem or interxylary phloem The Pressure flow hypothesis was a hypothesis proposed by Ernst Munch in 1930 that explained the mechanism of phloem translocation. A high concentration of organic substance inside cells of the phloem at a source, such as a leaf, creates a diffusion gradient that draws water into the cells. Movement occurs by bulk flow; phloem sap moves from sugar sources to sugar sinks by means of turgor pressure gradient. A sugar source is any part of the plant that is producing or releasing sugar. During the plant's growth period, usually during the spring, storage organs such as the roots are sugar sources, and the plant's many growing areas are sugar sinks. The movement in phloem is multidirectional, whereas, in xylem cells, it is unidirectional (upward). After the growth period, when the meristems are dormant, the leaves are sources, and storage organs are sinks. Developing seed-bearing organs (such as fruit) are always sinks. Because of this multi-directional flow, coupled with the fact that sap cannot move with ease between adjacent sieve-tubes, it is not unusual for sap in adjacent sieve-tubes to be flowing in opposite directions. While movement of water and minerals through the xylem is driven by negative pressures (tension) most of the time, movement through the phloem is driven by positive hydrostatic pressures. This process is termed translocation, and is accomplished by a process called phloem loading and unloading. Cells in a sugar source "load" a sieve-tube element by actively transporting solute molecules into it. This causes water to move into the sieve-tube element by osmosis, creating pressure that pushes the sap down the tube. In sugar sinks, cells actively transport solutes out of the sieve-tube elements, producing the exactly opposite effect. Some plants however appear not to load phloem by active transport. In these cases a mechanism known as the polymer trap mechanism was proposed by Robert Turgeon. In this case small sugars such as sucrose move into intermediary cells through narrow plasmodesmata, where they are polymerised to raffinose and other larger oligosaccharides. Now they are unable to move back, but can proceed through wider plasmodesmata into the sieve tube element. The symplastic phloem loading (polymer trap mechanism above) is confined mostly to plants in tropical rain forests and is seen as more primitive. The actively-transported apoplastic phloem loading is viewed as more advanced, as it is found in the later-evolved plants, and particularly in those in temperate and arid conditions. This mechanism may therefore have allowed plants to colonise the cooler locations. Organic molecules such as sugars, amino acids, certain hormones, and even messenger RNAs are transported in the phloem through sieve tube elements.
Which are the productive cells?
Productive cells are those that carry out the main functions or tasks of an organism. In biology, productive cells can refer to cells involved in processes like photosynthesis in plants, protein synthesis in cells, or sperm/egg production in reproductive systems.
What does phloem mean?
Phloem is a conductive (or vascular) tissue found in plants.Phloem carries the products of photosynthesis (sucrose and glucose) from the leaves to other parts of the plant. The corresponding system that circulates water and minerals from the roots is called the xylem. But unlike its xylem counterpart, phloem tissue is alive, and is a complex tissue composed mostly of two types of cells:Sieve tubes - these are cells which have no nucleus, elongated and joined end on end to form long straw-like tubes. These cells are joined to each other by perforated connectors called sieve plates.Companion cells - are fully functioning cells that assist the sieve tubes by performing cellular functions that the sieve tubes (lacking nuclei, ribosomes, and vacuoles) cannot.Maple syrup comes from the phloem (sap) of a maple tree.
How are the energy needs of plants cells similar to those of animal cells?
1337
How are the energy needs of plants cells similar to those animal cells?
1337
What are vascular plants?
Most plants are vascular plants.
What is the cells of a plant that move food either up or down the stem to other parts of the plant are called?
The cells in plants that move food either up or down the stem to other parts of the plant are called sieve tubes. These tubes are part of the phloem tissue and are responsible for transporting sugars and other nutrients throughout the plant.
What does the phloem cell do?
The phloem originates, and grows outwards from, meristematic cells in the vascular cambium. Phloem is produced in phases. Primary phloem is laid down by the apical meristem and develops from the procambium. Secondary phloem is laid down by the vascular cambium to the inside of the established layer(s) of phloem. In some eudicot families (Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae), phloem also develops on the inner side of the vascular cambium; in this case a distinction between external phloem and internal phloem or intraxylary phloem is made. Internal phloem is mostly primary, and begins differentiation later than the external phloem and protoxylem, though it's not without exceptions. In some other families (Amaranthaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Salvadoraceae) the cambium also periodically forms inward strands or layers of phloem, embedded in the xylem: such phloem strands are called included phloem or interxylary phloem The Pressure flow hypothesis was a hypothesis proposed by Ernst Munch in 1930 that explained the mechanism of phloem translocation. A high concentration of organic substance inside cells of the phloem at a source, such as a leaf, creates a diffusion gradient that draws water into the cells. Movement occurs by bulk flow; phloem sap moves from sugar sources to sugar sinks by means of turgor pressure gradient. A sugar source is any part of the plant that is producing or releasing sugar. During the plant's growth period, usually during the spring, storage organs such as the roots are sugar sources, and the plant's many growing areas are sugar sinks. The movement in phloem is multidirectional, whereas, in xylem cells, it is unidirectional (upward). After the growth period, when the meristems are dormant, the leaves are sources, and storage organs are sinks. Developing seed-bearing organs (such as fruit) are always sinks. Because of this multi-directional flow, coupled with the fact that sap cannot move with ease between adjacent sieve-tubes, it is not unusual for sap in adjacent sieve-tubes to be flowing in opposite directions. While movement of water and minerals through the xylem is driven by negative pressures (tension) most of the time, movement through the phloem is driven by positive hydrostatic pressures. This process is termed translocation, and is accomplished by a process called phloem loading and unloading. Cells in a sugar source "load" a sieve-tube element by actively transporting solute molecules into it. This causes water to move into the sieve-tube element by osmosis, creating pressure that pushes the sap down the tube. In sugar sinks, cells actively transport solutes out of the sieve-tube elements, producing the exactly opposite effect. Some plants however appear not to load phloem by active transport. In these cases a mechanism known as the polymer trap mechanism was proposed by Robert Turgeon. In this case small sugars such as sucrose move into intermediary cells through narrow plasmodesmata, where they are polymerised to raffinose and other larger oligosaccharides. Now they are unable to move back, but can proceed through wider plasmodesmata into the sieve tube element. The symplastic phloem loading (polymer trap mechanism above) is confined mostly to plants in tropical rain forests and is seen as more primitive. The actively-transported apoplastic phloem loading is viewed as more advanced, as it is found in the later-evolved plants, and particularly in those in temperate and arid conditions. This mechanism may therefore have allowed plants to colonise the cooler locations. Organic molecules such as sugars, amino acids, certain hormones, and even messenger RNAs are transported in the phloem through sieve tube elements.
Which are the productive cells?
Productive cells are those that carry out the main functions or tasks of an organism. In biology, productive cells can refer to cells involved in processes like photosynthesis in plants, protein synthesis in cells, or sperm/egg production in reproductive systems.
Are plastids plants or animals?
Plastids are cells found in plants. They mainly contain pigments beneficial to the plant, such as those used in photosynthesis.
Which components of a geranium plant have functions similar to those of the arteries and veins of humans?
a) xylem and phloem b) cambrium and epidermis c) chloroplasts and guard cells d) palisade and spongy layers ?
Do all the cells of plants contain chlorophyll?
Most, but not all plant cells contain chlorophyll. Chlorophyll requires light in order for photosynthesis to occur, it make no sense then that plants produce chlorophyll in cells where no sunlight can reach; for this reason root cells and tissues do not contain chlorophyll
What are vascular?
Vascular plants are those which conduct water and other materials (disolved minerals, salts, glucose etc.) through an internal pipe-like system of tissues; xylem and phloem are the most common
Why do plant cells look green?
No all plant cells look green - only those cells that contain the pigment chlorophyll look green. The chlorophyll enables the plants to photosynthesize to make their food. The cells that are green are therefore those which may be exposed to sunlight.
What are non vascular plant?
Plants that lack the vascular complex, that is internal xylem structures used for stiffening and fluid transport. Such plants include the mosses and liverworts.
