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The main defects caused in timber are:
  • Defects due to CONVERSION
  • Defects due to FUNGI
  • Defects due to INSECTS
  • Defects due to NATURAL FORCES
  • Defects due to SEASONING
Defects due to CONVERSION :During the process of converting timber in to commercial form defects may occur:
  1. chip mark
  2. diagonal grain
  3. torn grain
  4. wane
Defects due to FUNGI:
  1. Blue strained
  2. brown rot
  3. dry rot
  4. heart rot
  5. wet rot
  6. white rot
  7. sap strained
Defects due to INSECTS :
  1. Beetles
  2. marine borers
  3. termites
Defects due to NATURAL FORCES :These are casued basically due to abnormal growth and rapture of tissues :
  1. Burls
  2. callus
  3. chemical stain
  4. coarse grain
  5. dead wood
  6. druxiness
  7. foxiness ( Having reddish brown color)
  8. knots
  9. rind galls
    • cup shakes
    • heart shakes
    • ring shakes
    • star shakes
    • radial shakes
  10. SHAKES
  11. fibers
  12. upsets
  13. water strains
  14. wind cracks
Defects due to SEASONING :
  1. bow
  2. case hardering
  3. check
  4. collapse
  5. cup
  6. honey combining
  7. radial shakes
  8. split
  9. twist
  10. warp
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The main defects caused in timber are:Defects due to CONVERSIONDefects due to FUNGIDefects due to INSECTSDefects due to NATURAL FORCESDefects due to SEASONINGDefects due to CONVERSION :During the process of converting timber in to commercial form defects may occur: chip markdiagonal graintorn grainwaneDefects due to FUNGI:Blue strainedbrown rotdry rotheart rotwet rotwhite rotsap strainedDefects due to INSECTS :Beetlesmarine borerstermitesDefects due to NATURAL FORCES :These are casued basically due to abnormal growth and rapture of tissues : Burlscalluschemical staincoarse graindead wooddruxinessfoxiness ( Having reddish brown color)knotsrind galls cup shakesheart shakesring shakesstar shakesradial shakesSHAKESfibersupsetswater strainswind cracksDefects due to SEASONING :bowcase harderingcheckcollapsecuphoney combiningradial shakessplittwistwarp


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What is cups in timber defects?

Cups in timber defects refer to a type of warping where the wood develops a concave shape across its width, resembling a bowl or cup. This distortion typically occurs due to uneven drying, moisture fluctuations, or inherent stresses within the wood. Cup defects can affect the appearance and structural integrity of timber, making it less suitable for certain applications. Proper storage and drying techniques can help minimize the occurrence of cup defects in lumber.


What are the causes of wood defects?

There are many issues that can effect the quality of wood & timber. Defects usually mean that a quality piece of timber can be sold at a discounted price.


What is the conversion timber process?

The timber conversion process is the process of changing rough timber into usable wood like boards, plywood, etc.


What are the different types of timber defects?

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What is natural defect in timber?

Natural defects in timber refer to inherent imperfections that occur in wood due to its biological origin and growth conditions. Common examples include knots, splits, warping, and discoloration, which can arise from factors like tree growth patterns, environmental stress, or insect damage. These defects can affect the strength, appearance, and usability of the timber, making it important for woodworkers and builders to assess and account for them in their projects. Understanding these natural defects helps in selecting the appropriate timber for specific applications.