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Compare the number of replication forks in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA during replication?
Prokaryotic DNA replication has a single origin of replication, leading to two replication forks. In contrast, eukaryotic DNA replication has multiple origins of replication, resulting in multiple replication forks forming along the DNA molecule.
How do eukaryotic cells divide by binary fission?
Binary fission, or prokaryotic fission, is the form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes, some protozoa, and some organelles within eukaryotic organisms. This process results in the reproduction of a living prokaryotic cell by division into two parts which each have the potential to grow to the size of the original cell. Mitosis and cytokinesis are not the same as binary fission; specifically, binary fission cannot be divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase because prokaryotes have no nucleus and no centromeres. The ability of some multicellular animals, such as echinoderms and flatworms, to regenerate two whole organisms after having been cut in half, is also not the same as binary fission. Neither is vegetative reproduction of plants. Binary fission begins with DNA replication. DNA replication starts from an origin of replication, which opens up into a replication bubble (note: prokaryotic DNA replication usually has only 1 origin of replication, whereas eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication). The replication bubble separates the DNA double strand, each strand acts as template for synthesis of a daughter strand by semiconservative replication, until the entire prokaryotic DNA is duplicated. After this replicational process, cell growth occurs. Each circular DNA strand then attaches to the cell membrane. The cell elongates, causing the two chromosomes to separate. Cell division in bacteria is controlled by the FtsZ, a collection of about a dozen proteins that collect around the site of division. There, they direct assembly of the division septum. The cell wall and plasma membrane starts growing transversely from near the middle of the dividing cell. This separates the parent cell into two nearly equal daughter cells, each having a nuclear body.[1] The cell membrane then invaginates (grows inwards) and splits the cell into two daughter cells, separated by a newly grown cell plate. Use by eukaryotic organelles Eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes also reproduce within the eukaryotic cell by binary fission. How they are allotted to one descendant cell or the other during mitosis and cytokinesis is not yet clear
Which is used as evidence for the idea that multicellular organisms evolved from prokaryotes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA
Do all eukaryotic cells have the same number of chromosomes?
yep
What is the difference in genome between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Most prokaryotic genomes are small (<~5Mb), they generally contain one large circular piece of DNA refered to as a "chromosome" (not a true chromosome in the eukaryotic sense so inverted comas are normally used in modern text). Some bacteria have linear "chromosomes". Many bacteria extra DNA hald on small circular structures called plasmids which can be swapped between neighbours and across bacterial species. Inside the "choromosome" many genes with related functions are found close together in operons. The exact order and number of genes found in the genome can vary between different strains of the same species. Prokaryotes can gain genes from other prokaryotic species when sharing an environment. The DNA is gene rich with a few non-coding regions containing insertion elements or transposons. There are no introns in prokaryotic genes. There are very few repeated sequences in prokaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic genomes are generally larger (#10Mb -100,000Mb) than prokaryotic ones. Their DNA is held on linear chromosomes and a small circular mitochondrial chromosome. Genes have introns. There are many genome wide repeats. There are longer space between genes and a great number of non-coding sequences. The number of genes doesn't normally differ between strains of a species.
Compare the number of replication forks in prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA during replication?
Prokaryotic DNA replication has a single origin of replication, leading to two replication forks. In contrast, eukaryotic DNA replication has multiple origins of replication, resulting in multiple replication forks forming along the DNA molecule.
Can both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms can have one or more cells?
Yes, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms can have one or more cells. Prokaryotic organisms, such as bacteria, are unicellular, while eukaryotic organisms, like humans and plants, can be unicellular or multicellular. The number of cells in an organism is determined by its cellular structure and complexity.
Would ribosomes be found in a animal cell?
Yes ribosomes are found in animal cell their are small in size and almost 50 in number.Ribosomes are found in the eukaryotic and also present in the prokaryotic but in prokaryotic their are large in size and 1 in number.
How do eukaryotic cells divide by binary fission?
Binary fission, or prokaryotic fission, is the form of asexual reproduction and cell division used by all prokaryotes, some protozoa, and some organelles within eukaryotic organisms. This process results in the reproduction of a living prokaryotic cell by division into two parts which each have the potential to grow to the size of the original cell. Mitosis and cytokinesis are not the same as binary fission; specifically, binary fission cannot be divided into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase because prokaryotes have no nucleus and no centromeres. The ability of some multicellular animals, such as echinoderms and flatworms, to regenerate two whole organisms after having been cut in half, is also not the same as binary fission. Neither is vegetative reproduction of plants. Binary fission begins with DNA replication. DNA replication starts from an origin of replication, which opens up into a replication bubble (note: prokaryotic DNA replication usually has only 1 origin of replication, whereas eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication). The replication bubble separates the DNA double strand, each strand acts as template for synthesis of a daughter strand by semiconservative replication, until the entire prokaryotic DNA is duplicated. After this replicational process, cell growth occurs. Each circular DNA strand then attaches to the cell membrane. The cell elongates, causing the two chromosomes to separate. Cell division in bacteria is controlled by the FtsZ, a collection of about a dozen proteins that collect around the site of division. There, they direct assembly of the division septum. The cell wall and plasma membrane starts growing transversely from near the middle of the dividing cell. This separates the parent cell into two nearly equal daughter cells, each having a nuclear body.[1] The cell membrane then invaginates (grows inwards) and splits the cell into two daughter cells, separated by a newly grown cell plate. Use by eukaryotic organelles Eukaryotic organelles such as mitochondria, chloroplasts, and peroxisomes also reproduce within the eukaryotic cell by binary fission. How they are allotted to one descendant cell or the other during mitosis and cytokinesis is not yet clear
What is the difference between prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotic bacteria?
All bacteria are prokaryotic, there are no eukaryotic bacteria. Prokaryotic organisms (bacteria, archaea) lack membrane bound organelles like nuclei and mitochondria.One other difference is the number and configuration of chromosomes. Prokaryotes have only 1 chromosome each, and unlike the multiple, linear chromosomes of eukaryotes (like us) a prokaryote's chromosome is circular in that it has no "ends."Another difference is that most prokarya are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. Most bacteria are about the size of a mitochondrion or chloroplast, somewhat near 1/1000th the size of a eukaryotic cell. There ARE unicellular eukaryotes, like Paramecium caudatum, or the one-celled fungus Saccharomyces cerevisae (yup, that's yeast) - but despite being tiny, these aren't bacteria.
Which is used as evidence for the idea that multicellular organisms evolved from prokaryotes?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA
What is the difference between eukaryotic and Prokaryotic?
A prokaryotic cell is a primitive cell consisting of a cell membrane, flagella, and a small number of other organelles. (Humans have organs such as the heart and liver which are necessary, just like cells have organelles necessary to function) A eukaryotic cell is about fifteen times the size of a prokaryote and contains a vast number of organelles whereas the prokaryote only caries a handful. The most distinguishing difference between these two types of cells is that the eukaryote has a cell nucleus and a prokaryote does not.
Do all eukaryotic cells have the same number of chromosomes?
yep
What is the difference in genome between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Most prokaryotic genomes are small (<~5Mb), they generally contain one large circular piece of DNA refered to as a "chromosome" (not a true chromosome in the eukaryotic sense so inverted comas are normally used in modern text). Some bacteria have linear "chromosomes". Many bacteria extra DNA hald on small circular structures called plasmids which can be swapped between neighbours and across bacterial species. Inside the "choromosome" many genes with related functions are found close together in operons. The exact order and number of genes found in the genome can vary between different strains of the same species. Prokaryotes can gain genes from other prokaryotic species when sharing an environment. The DNA is gene rich with a few non-coding regions containing insertion elements or transposons. There are no introns in prokaryotic genes. There are very few repeated sequences in prokaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic genomes are generally larger (#10Mb -100,000Mb) than prokaryotic ones. Their DNA is held on linear chromosomes and a small circular mitochondrial chromosome. Genes have introns. There are many genome wide repeats. There are longer space between genes and a great number of non-coding sequences. The number of genes doesn't normally differ between strains of a species.
What does a cell of a eukaryote have to hold DNA that a cell of a prokaryote does not have?
DNA in prokaryotic cells is usually circular while DNA in eukaryotes is usually linear. DNA in prokaryotes usually has fewer portions that dont code for something while eukaryotes usually have quite a bit of DNA sections that dont code for anything. The number of actual base pairs (the units that makeup DNA) that makeup eukaryotes is usually quite a bit more than the number in prokaryotic DNA.
What are the main parts of a cell?
It depends on the cell. If it is a eukaryotic cell than it contains a nucleus and a number of different parts, but a prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus but can contain a cell wall, but not always.
Differences between eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells are .?
Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, bound by a double membrane. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. The purpose of the nucleus is to sequester the DNA-related functions of the big eukaryotic cell into a smaller chamber, for the purpose of increased efficiency. This function is unnecessary for the prokaryotic cell, because its much smaller size means that all materials within the cell are relatively close together. Of course, prokaryotic cells do have DNA and DNA functions. Biologists describe the central region of the cell as its "nucleoid" (-oid=similar or imitating), because it's pretty much where the DNA is located. But note that the nucleoid is essentially an imaginary "structure." There is no physical boundary enclosing the nucleoid.Eukaryotic DNA is linear; prokaryotic DNA is circular (it has no ends).Eukaryotic DNA is complexed with proteins called "histones," and is organized into chromosomes; prokaryotic DNA is "naked," meaning that it has no histones associated with it, and it is not formed into chromosomes. Though many are sloppy about it, the term "chromosome" does not technically apply to anything in a prokaryotic cell. A eukaryotic cell contains a number of chromosomes; a prokaryotic cell contains only one circular DNA molecule and a varied assortment of much smaller circlets of DNA called "plasmids." The smaller, simpler prokaryotic cell requires far fewer genes to operate than the eukaryotic cell.Both cell types have many, many ribosomes, but the ribosomes of the eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than those of the prokaryotic cell. Ribosomes are made out of a special class of RNA molecules (ribosomal RNA, or rRNA) and a specific collection of different proteins. A eukaryotic ribosome is composed of five kinds of rRNA and about eighty kinds of proteins. Prokaryotic ribosomes are composed of only three kinds of rRNA and about fifty kinds of protein.The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells is filled with a large, complex collection of organelles, many of them enclosed in their own membranes; the prokaryotic cell contains no membrane-bound organelles which are independent of the plasma membrane. This is a very significant difference, and the source of the vast majority of the greater complexity of the eukaryotic Cell. There is much more space within a eukaryotic cell than within a prokaryotic cell, and many of these structures, like the nucleus, increase the efficiency of functions by confining them within smaller spaces within the huge Cell, or with communication and movement within the Cell.Eukaryotic Cells are the largest Cells, while prokaryotic Cells are smaller than eukaryotic Cells. A eukaryotic Cell is about 10 times bigger than a prokaryotic Cell.Eukaryotic Cells have a bi-lipid-layer plasma membrane and an exterior glyco-callyx Cell Coat; prokaryotic Cells have a bi-lipid-layer plasma membrane and an exterior mostly cellulosic Cell Wall.A List:Prokaryotic cells:Most primitive, earliest form of lifeDo not have a pre-defined nucleusChromosomes are dispersed in the cytoplasmContain no membrane-bound organellesHave circular chromosomes and lack histone proteinsMost metabolically diverseSmall - typically 0.2-2.0 micrometers in diameterHave a primitive cytosketetal structures or don't have a cytoskeleton at allSmaller (70S) ribosomesDon't undergo meiosis but reproduce sexually by the transfer of DNA fragments through conjugationEukaryotic cells:More complex, evolved organsimsContain true nuclei in which chromosomes are compacted as chromatinContain membrane-bound organellesHave linear DNA and contain histone proteinsLarger - typically 10-100 micrometers in diameterHave a complex cytosketetonLarger (80S) ribosomReproduce sexually with the use of meiosis
