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What is the difference in genome between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Most prokaryotic genomes are small (<~5Mb), they generally contain one large circular piece of DNA refered to as a "chromosome" (not a true chromosome in the eukaryotic sense so inverted comas are normally used in modern text). Some bacteria have linear "chromosomes". Many bacteria extra DNA hald on small circular structures called plasmids which can be swapped between neighbours and across bacterial species. Inside the "choromosome" many genes with related functions are found close together in operons. The exact order and number of genes found in the genome can vary between different strains of the same species. Prokaryotes can gain genes from other prokaryotic species when sharing an environment. The DNA is gene rich with a few non-coding regions containing insertion elements or transposons. There are no introns in prokaryotic genes. There are very few repeated sequences in prokaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic genomes are generally larger (#10Mb -100,000Mb) than prokaryotic ones. Their DNA is held on linear chromosomes and a small circular mitochondrial chromosome. Genes have introns. There are many genome wide repeats. There are longer space between genes and a great number of non-coding sequences. The number of genes doesn't normally differ between strains of a species.
Why are there introns present in eukaryotic genes?
Introns are present in eukaryotic genes because they allow for alternative splicing, which enables a single gene to code for multiple proteins. This increases the diversity of proteins that can be produced from a single gene, allowing for greater complexity and regulation in eukaryotic organisms.
What is the possible function of introns in eukaryotic DNA?
Introns in eukaryotic DNA may play a role in regulating gene expression, promoting genetic diversity, and facilitating the evolution of new genes.
Which domain consists of prokaryotic cells?
All prokaryotic cells are divided into two domains: bacteria and archaea.They are divided into 2 domains, because bacteria and archaea are very different:Archaea aren't susceptible to antibiotics, and bacteria are.Archaea have introns, or non-coding parts of genes that regulate gene expression, in some genes, while bacteria lack introns altogether.Archaean and bacterial cell walls are different because bacteria use peptidoglycan, a polymer of sugars linked with polypeptides, in their cell walls, while Archaea do not have true peptidoglycan. TThe organisms in domain Bacteria have unbranched carbon chains in the phospholipid bilayer, but the organisms of domain Archaea can have branched chains.
What is the primary transcript of eukaryotic genes?
the primary transcript usually has a exons and introns which need to undergo splicing to remove the introns and re-splicing to join the exons ..after this process the resulting mRNA is a mature mRNA.
Why do eukaryotic genes have introns but introns are absent from prokaryotic cells?
Look at the sheer amount of DNA that is contained into a eukaryotic gene (eukaryotes have more DNA to code for and so they can leave some of the DNA out, also look at the way the DNA is formed i.e. Eukaryotic genes are double stranded helixes and prokayrotic genes are a single strand of circular dna.
Why prokaryotes do not have introns?
Prokaryotes do not have introns in their DNA because they lack a nucleus and have a simpler genetic organization compared to eukaryotes. Their genes are typically continuous sequences without interruptions, unlike eukaryotic genes which can have introns that need to be spliced out during gene expression.
What is the difference in genome between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Most prokaryotic genomes are small (<~5Mb), they generally contain one large circular piece of DNA refered to as a "chromosome" (not a true chromosome in the eukaryotic sense so inverted comas are normally used in modern text). Some bacteria have linear "chromosomes". Many bacteria extra DNA hald on small circular structures called plasmids which can be swapped between neighbours and across bacterial species. Inside the "choromosome" many genes with related functions are found close together in operons. The exact order and number of genes found in the genome can vary between different strains of the same species. Prokaryotes can gain genes from other prokaryotic species when sharing an environment. The DNA is gene rich with a few non-coding regions containing insertion elements or transposons. There are no introns in prokaryotic genes. There are very few repeated sequences in prokaryotic genomes. Eukaryotic genomes are generally larger (#10Mb -100,000Mb) than prokaryotic ones. Their DNA is held on linear chromosomes and a small circular mitochondrial chromosome. Genes have introns. There are many genome wide repeats. There are longer space between genes and a great number of non-coding sequences. The number of genes doesn't normally differ between strains of a species.
Which type of cell does not possess introns and extrons and produces polycystronic mRNA?
Prokaryotic cells do not possess introns and exons, and they produce polycistronic mRNA. This mRNA contains multiple coding sequences for different proteins in a single transcript, allowing for the production of several proteins from one gene.
What controls the transcription of prokaryotic genes?
The operon often controls the transcription of prokaryote genes.
Can prokaryotic Cells control the expression of their genes?
Yes.
What are the 4 characteristics of genes. Which one do you think is the most important?
Genes have four main structural parts - the promoter, introns, exons and the termination site (or recognition site for Rho protein). They are all very important (since exons contain the code for creating products, these could be called more important than introns - although it is believed introns still have an important role). Genes are how you get your own physical characteristics. They are the fundamental unit of heredity. Genes are found on chromosomes made of DNA. Different genes determine different characteristics, or traits, of an organism.
What is the possible function of introns in eukaryotic DNA?
Introns in eukaryotic DNA may play a role in regulating gene expression, promoting genetic diversity, and facilitating the evolution of new genes.
Why are there introns present in eukaryotic genes?
Introns are present in eukaryotic genes because they allow for alternative splicing, which enables a single gene to code for multiple proteins. This increases the diversity of proteins that can be produced from a single gene, allowing for greater complexity and regulation in eukaryotic organisms.
A region of the prokaryotic chromosome with multiple genes?
The nucleiod region
Which domain consists of prokaryotic cells?
All prokaryotic cells are divided into two domains: bacteria and archaea.They are divided into 2 domains, because bacteria and archaea are very different:Archaea aren't susceptible to antibiotics, and bacteria are.Archaea have introns, or non-coding parts of genes that regulate gene expression, in some genes, while bacteria lack introns altogether.Archaean and bacterial cell walls are different because bacteria use peptidoglycan, a polymer of sugars linked with polypeptides, in their cell walls, while Archaea do not have true peptidoglycan. TThe organisms in domain Bacteria have unbranched carbon chains in the phospholipid bilayer, but the organisms of domain Archaea can have branched chains.
What is the Mrna sequence?
Eukaryotic genes have regions called "introns" and "exons". Exons code for polypeptides (often specific domains or motifs), while introns don't code for anything (that we know of) and are removed. mRNA splicing is the process where an mRNA molecule is cut up (usually by the "spliceosome") to remove the introns from an mRNA message. This is advantageous for us eukaryotes because we can recombine exons in different orders, and even combine exons from different genes to generate many proteins from a smaller number of genes.
