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During depolarization, the extracellular Na+ ions diffuse into the cell. These Na+ ions stimulate the reversal of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger channel, thereby transporting 1Ca2+ ion intracellularly versus 3Na+ ions transported extracellularly. Ca2+ ions are also released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) storage - these too add to the intracellular Ca2+ concentration. The intracellular Ca2+ causes contraction. Over time, the result is Ca2+ overload which ultimately leads to cell death. Thus, the concentration of extracellular Na+ is directly related to the Ca2+ overload of a human cell. The higher the concentration of extracellular Na+ influx, the greater the chance of Ca2+ overload and cell death.
What else can I help you with?
How is depolarization in a hair cell different from depolarization in a typical neuron?
Depolarization in a hair cell is triggered by mechanical stimulation, such as sound waves or movement, while depolarization in a typical neuron is triggered by chemical signals.
What cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization?
The cell structure used to prepare for depolarization is the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell to establish the necessary concentration gradients for depolarization to occur.
What does the sodium-potassium exchange pump transfer into and out of the cell during depolarization?
The sodium-potassium exchange pump transfers 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell during depolarization. This process helps in maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane and is crucial for cell function.
What ion is responsible for depolarization of hair cells of the spiral organ?
The potassium ion is responsible for depolarization of hair cells in the spiral organ. When deflected, potassium channels open, leading to an influx of potassium ions into the cell and depolarization of the cell membrane.
Describe the action of depolarization and repolarization?
Depolarization is the process where the membrane potential becomes less negative, moving towards zero or even becoming positive. This occurs when sodium ions rush into the cell. Repolarization is the return of the membrane potential back to its resting state, following depolarization, usually through the efflux of potassium ions from the cell.
Which electrolyte flows into the cell to initiate depolarization?
potassium The answer of potassium is dead wrong. Sodium is the electrolyte that flows into the cell to initiate depolarization. Potassium flows into the cell during repolarization.
The process of depolarization and repolarization is called?
The process of depolarization and repolarization is called an action potential. During depolarization, the cell's membrane potential becomes more positive, while during repolarization, the membrane potential returns to its resting state.
How is depolarization in a hair cell different from depolarization in a typical neuron?
Depolarization in a hair cell is triggered by mechanical stimulation, such as sound waves or movement, while depolarization in a typical neuron is triggered by chemical signals.
What are the major positive electrolytes responsible for depolarization?
The major positive electrolytes responsible for depolarization of a cell are sodium (Na+) and calcium (Ca2+). These ions enter the cell during the depolarization phase of an action potential, leading to a change in membrane potential and initiation of an electrical signal.
What cell structure is used to prepare for depolarization?
The cell structure used to prepare for depolarization is the sodium-potassium pump, which actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell to establish the necessary concentration gradients for depolarization to occur.
Does depolarization mean contraction?
No, depolarization refers to the change in electrical charge within a cell, specifically during the initiation of an action potential. Contraction refers to the shortening or tightening of muscle fibers, which is a separate physiological process that can be triggered by depolarization in muscle cells.
The stage in an action potential that immediately follows depolarization is?
The stage that immediately follows depolarization in an action potential is repolarization. During this stage, potassium channels open and potassium ions move out of the cell, leading to a restoration of the cell's negative charge.
What channels are open during depolarization and during repolarization?
During depolarization Na channels are open During repolarization K channels are open
What does the sodium-potassium exchange pump transfer into and out of the cell during depolarization?
The sodium-potassium exchange pump transfers 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell during depolarization. This process helps in maintaining the electrochemical gradient across the cell membrane and is crucial for cell function.
Is depolarization in the heart passed cell to cell in the same way they are the neuromuscular junction?
No, depolarization in the heart is not passed cell to cell in the same way as at the neuromuscular junction. In the heart, gap junctions allow for direct electrical coupling between adjacent cardiac muscle cells, allowing the depolarization signal to quickly spread from cell to cell. In the neuromuscular junction, depolarization is transmitted by the release of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft from a neuron to a muscle cell.
During depolarization does the neurons membrane become negative?
During depolarization, the neuron's membrane potential becomes less negative as positive ions enter the cell. This is due to the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels, allowing sodium ions to flow into the cell.
What ion is rapidly moving into the cell during the depolarization period of an action potential?
Sodium.A positive ion (cation) that enters the cell (influx) rapidly when the membrane threshold is reached and the voltage gated sodium channels open.This occurs during the rising phase of an action potential, i.e. membrane depolarization beyond the threshold for activation.
