gemeinschaft
Ferdinand Tonnies (1855-1936) was a German sociologist who is best known for his study of social groups. He developed the concepts he he published in 1887 as "Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft" (translated as "community and society") which illustrates the interaction between close-knit "communities" and an emerging global market "society". The term 'Tonnies Community' is a shorthand reference to these elements of society.
Ferdinand Tonnies (1855-1936) was a German sociologist who is best known for his study of social groups. He developed the concepts he he published in 1887 as "Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft" (translated as "community and society") which illustrates the interaction between close-knit "communities" and an emerging global market "society". The term 'Tonnies Community' is a shorthand reference to these elements of society.
Mac Tonnies died in 2009.
Mac Tonnies was born in 1975.
Tönnies is pronounced as "Tern-ies" with a soft "e" sound for the "ö" and an "-ies" ending similar to "ease."
To determine how many tonnes it takes to make one million, you need to specify the context, such as the type of material or currency being referenced. For example, if you're talking about a specific commodity priced per tonne, you would divide one million by the price per tonne to find the quantity needed. Without additional context, it's impossible to provide a precise answer.
Auguste Comte, Karl Marx, and Emile Durkheim are considered to be the forerunners of sociology. They made significant contributions to the development of the discipline by developing foundational theories and methodologies that are still influential in the field today.
CLASSIFICATION OF GROUP1. SOCIAL MEMBERSHIP.The common membership of the group is what we call in-group. It defines the social orientation along feeling of belongingness and companionship. The social preference of the in-groupderives from group associations. The opposite side of this is the out-group , it connotes more on an antagonistic group that sometimes create group conflicts such as the existence of fraternities. There are those groups that may identify certain level of reference based on political and economic affiliations. This group is called reference group that characterize by the idea of recognition and respect among other members of society. There are also the small grouping of the society which consider as thepeer group . In at larger scale of social interaction of the group, the voluntary associationentails the membership of individual or group such as the regional associations, military organizations and other voluntary organization. 2. SOCIAL INTERACTION OF GROUPSThe social group is further classified according primary group and secondary group. The primary group responds to the face-to-face communication which is more personal and intimate in nature. While the secondary group entails the formal communication in business or government organization. The organization position and designation gives credence in the way the group communicate each other. 3. NATURE OF SOCIAL GROUPSThe group provides specific form as to the nature of interaction in the society. The nature of social group is either informal group or formal group. When the social interaction responds to the shared emotions, beliefs and sentiments of the members of the group then it is called informal groups . The advantage of this group is the sense of belongingness as interacts the common social interests and issues in the society. On the other hand, the formal organization adheres the rigid formal structure wherein the line authority in the position is respected in the organizational structure. It is therefore created by the organizational communication in public and private organization with formal sets of philosophy, mission, vision and goals as adhered by the motive for profit or service-oriented enterprise. Finally, the concept of the Gemeinschaft and Gesselschaft formulated by Ferdinand Tonnies may also form part on the nature of social groups . TheGemeinschaftconsiders the social interaction of the rural areas or communities wherein the set of values, beliefs, norms, culture and tradition is deeply embedded by the way they communicate each other. While the Gesselschaft recognizes the distinct feature in urban areas as the social groups are characterize by formal, impersonal and fragmented relationships. Usually, it considers the highly sophisticated culture, and impersonal way of social interaction.
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The development of Sociology in the Philippines can be divided into three categories (1) when in it regarded as a Social Philisophy, (2) when it is regarded as a welfare or problem oriented, and (3) when it is geared more towards scientific orientation. I. Sociology viewed as a Social Philosophy started at the University of Santo Tomas when Fr. Valentin Marin initiated it with Criminology, which was followed by A.W. Salt and Murray Bartlett at University of the Philippines - Manila and by Clyde Helfin at Siliman University - Dumaguete. This approach lasted until the 1950's. II. As a problem or welfare oriented approach of the study was introduced by the first Filipino to acquire a Ph.D in Sociology and has written the book, An Introduction to Sociology, in 1938 - Serafin N. Macaraig. He attempted to introduce the scientific view of Sociology but it became a failure since he was using a substandard theories in courses and teachers orientation. III. By 1950's, Socioly was introduced with more emphasis on its scientific orientation. Which was done by (a) increasing the number of Sociological student grantees, (b) establishing social science research centers, (c) growing frequencies on seminars, and (d) publication of journals. This had made the people aware of the importance of sociological facts in the decision-making process. In the Philippines at recent, more studies had been undergone to give a future solution to the recent wars in the Mindanao. (incomplete data - your help and corrections shall be greatly appreciated.) -by research-
Rural sociology as it is understood in the United States came into being in Europe only after World War I I. On the surface, this seems somewhat surprising. An important part of the population of Europe is still rural. During the last few decades in most European countries the percentage of the active population engaged in agriculture was higher than in the United States, in several countries much higher. Sociology as a science originated from Europe. So why no rural sociology at an earlier date? The re are several reasons which help to explain this phenomenon. First of all, one has to bear in mind that rural sociology as we know it now is not just the sociology of rural life. One could imagine a rural sociology in many respects quite different from the present. Rural sociology as we know it in America and elsewhere has strong roots in practice. Even if it would not be right to call rural sociology just an applied science, it would be equally wrong to deny its strong interest in the problems of daily life and its striving for applicability. Rural sociology never would have developed in the way it did if it had not shown its importance for the betterment of rural life. But before World War I I, sociology in Europe was hardly seen by nonprofessionals as a science which had a practical value. This conclusion was right. Sociology as it was taught and studied in Europe before the war was, for the greater part, highly theoretical and often even philosophical in character. Thus, there was no place for a rural sociology with a strong orientation to applicability. Many sociologists even sought generalizations at such a high level that differences between rural and nonrural society hardly came