0
There are three main types of venation in leaves:
- In parallel - veined leaves, the veins run parallel to each other. This condition is characteristic of the monocotyledoneae. Parallel veins may run lengthwise on the leaf, as in Eucharis grandiflora (Amazon lily), or they may be parallel, but directed outward from the midrib to the margin (penniparallel).
- Pinnately - veined leaves have a single primary vein or midrib, from which smaller veins branch off, like the divisions of a feather. Examples are Eriobotrya japonica(loquat) and Camellia japonica (camellia).
- Palmately - veined leaves have several principal veins radiating from the base of the leaf blade, as in Acer rubrum (red maple) and Carica papaya (papaya).
Leaf Forms
Linear - narrow, several times longer than wide, and essentially of the same width throughout.
Lanceolate - much longer than wide and tapering towards the apex from a broader base.
Oblanceolate - much longer than wide, tapering towards the base instead of the apex (the opposite of lanceolate).
Oblong - nearly twice as long as broad, with the sides nearly or parallel most of their length.
Elliptic - oblong, broadest in the middle with the two ends narrowing.
Ovate - egg-shaped, with the broadest part near the base.
Obovate - opposite of ovate, with the narrower part near the base.
Cuneate - wedge-shaped, broad at the tip and tapering by nearly straight lines to an acute angle at the base.
Spatulate - oblong but tapering to a narrow base; spoon-shaped.
Sagittate - arrow-shaped; lobes at base acute and pointing downward, while the main body tapers upward to a point.
Leaf Bases
Cordate - heart-shaped.
Reniform - kidney-shaped; like cordate but rounder and broader than long.
Auriculate - a small pair of projections, or ears, usually at the base.
Hastate - halberd-shaped; lobes at base pointed and narrow and nearly at right angles to petiole.
Oblique - slanting, unequal-sided.
Leaf Tips
Acuminate - prolonged into a narrowed or tapering point.
Acute - ending in an acute angle, but not a prolonged point.
Obtuse - blunt or rounded apex.
Truncate - square end that looks cut off.
Emarginate - indented or notched.
Obcordate - inversely heart-shaped; an obovate leaf which is much more deeply notched at the tip.
Cuspidate - tipped with an elongated sharp or rigid point.
Mucronate - abruptly tipped with a small, short point; like a mere projection of the midrib.
Leaf Edges/Margins
Entire - even line, without teeth, notches, or lobes.
Serrate - cut into sharp, saw-like teeth pointing forward.
Dentate - toothed, teeth point outward instead of forward and are large.
Crenate - teeth are short and rounded; also called scalloped.
Undulate - margin of the leaf forms a wavy line, bending slightly inward and outward in succession.
Sinuate - like undulate, margin is very wavy (sinuous).
Incised - cut into sharp, deep, and irregular teeth or incisions.
Lobed - incisions do not extend deeper than halfway between the margin and the center of the blade and are rounded.
Cleft - incisions extend more than halfway between the margin and the center of the blade, and are sharper.
Deeply Lobed - incisions are even deeper, but not quite to the midrib or base of the blade.
Leaf Divisions
Simple - blade is of one piece, as in Camellia japonica . It may still be simple and be lobed or cleft, as in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus), Quercus shumardii(Shumard oak), and Acer rubrum (red maple).
Compound - blade is made up of a number of separate leaflets. The two principal types of compound leaves are pinnate and palmate:
- Pinnate - leaflets or pinnae are arranged on the sides of the main leaf stalk. Examples are Nephrolepsis exaltata 'Bostoniensis' (Boston sword fern), Roystonea regia (Cuban royal palm), and Zamia floridana(coontie).
- Odd Pinnate - pinnate with an odd number of leaflets; has an end leaflet. Examples are Schinus terebinthifolius(Brazilian pepper), Wisteria sinensis (wisteria), Tecomaria capensis (Cape honeysuckle), and Koelreuteria elegans (golden-rain tree).
- Even Pinnate - pinnate with an even number of leaflets; no end leaflet. Examples are Senna alata (candle bush) and Tamarindus indica (tamarind).
- Bi-pinnate - leaflets are twice pinnate (the primary pinnae or leaflets are again divided into secondary leaflets), such as in Albizzia julibrissin (mimosa), Delonix regia(royal poinciana), Melia azedarach (chinaberry), and Jacaranda spp. (jacaranda).
- Palmate - the leaflets are attached directly to the end of the petiole and extend outward much like fingers in a palm. Examples are Schefflera actinophylla (Australian umbrella tree) and Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Virginia creeper).
Leaf Arrangements on Stem
Alternate - one leaf at each node, as in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus), Brunfelsia australis (yesterday-today-and-tomorrow), and Citrusspp. (citrus).
Opposite - two leaves at each node, always on opposite sides of the stem. Examples are Catharanthus roseus(periwinkle), Ixora coccinea (ixora), and Viburnum odoratissimum (sweet viburnum).
Whorled - more than two leaves at a node spaced around the stem, as in Nerium oleander (oleander) and Macadamia spp. (macadamia).
Leaf Attachments
Petiolate - petiole (leaf stalk) is present, examples are Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus) and Quercus spp. (oaks).
Sessile - attached directly to the main stem or branch without a petiole, as in Podocarpus macrophyllus(Japanese yew) and Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' (gloriosa lily).
Peltate - petiole attached to the lower surface of the leaf instead of at the base or margin, as in Tropaeolum majus (garden nasturtium).
Clasping - leaf partially encircles the stem, as in Calendula officinalis (calendula).
Sheathing - base of the leaf is wrapped around the stem like a grass leaf, as in Zea mays (corn) and Zingiber spp. (ginger).
Decurrent - leaf base extends downward to form a wing or ridge along the stem, as in Psidium guajava(guava).
Winged petiole - petiole has a leaf-like or membrane-like extension along its length, as in Citrus x paradisi (grapefruit).
Winged rachis - compound leaf stem with a membrane-like extension on both sides of the rachis, as in Rhus copallinum (winged sumac).
Stipule Types
Simple - stipules located on the sides of the petiole, as in Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (hibiscus).
Adnate - stipules which adhere to the sides of the petiole, as in Trifolium spp. (clover) and Rosa spp. (rose).
Leafy - green, leaf-like stipules which serve as foliage, as in Pisum sativum (pea) and Delonix regia(royal poinciana).
Other Leaf Types
Needle-shaped leaves - such as those in Pinus spp. (pines).
Needle-like leaves - margin of the leaf is so strongly rolled backward that the leaf appears tubular, such as in Ceratiola ericoides (Florida rosemary).
Awl-shaped and scale-like leaves - very reduced leaves, as in Platycladus orientalis (arbor vitae), Taxodium ascendens (pond cypress), and adult Juniperus silicicola (red cedar).
Leaf Textures
Succulent - juicy, fleshy, soft, and thickened in texture.
Scabrous - rough to the touch; texture of sandpaper.
Coriaceous - leather-like, tough.
Smooth (glabrous) - surface is not hairy, rough, pubescent, or scabrous.
Downy - covered with very short, weak, and soft hairs.
Pubescent - hairy.
Canescent - covered with gray or white soft hairs as in Leucophyllum frutescens (Texas sage).
Tomentose - covered with matted, woolly hairs.
Hirsute - pubescent with coarse, stiff hairs.
Hispid - rough with bristles, stiff hairs, or minute spines.
What else can I help you with?
What is the texture of the leaves of water hyacinth?
The leaves of water hyacinth are smooth and waxy, with a slightly glossy texture.
What is the texture of the coconut leaves?
Coconut leaves have a smooth texture on the top surface, while the underside is rough and fibrous. The leaves are long and narrow, with a slightly waxy feel.
What are the key differences between aspen and birch tree leaves in terms of their appearance and characteristics?
Aspen tree leaves are typically round with small teeth along the edges, while birch tree leaves are triangular with double-toothed edges. Aspen leaves have a smooth texture and are often shiny, while birch leaves are matte and have a rougher texture. Additionally, aspen leaves have a flattened stem, while birch leaves have a more pronounced stem.
What do spinach leaves look like?
Spinach leaves are typically dark green in color, flat and oval-shaped with a slightly wrinkled texture.
What do spinach leaves look like and how can they be distinguished from other types of leafy greens?
Spinach leaves are dark green and have a smooth, flat surface with a slightly wrinkled texture. They are typically oval or triangular in shape. Spinach leaves can be distinguished from other types of leafy greens by their distinct shape, texture, and vibrant green color.
What is the shape of sunflowers leaves and texture?
The shape of sunflower leaves is an egg-shaped or heart-shaped leaves. The texture is smooth, but on some sunflower leaves it is rough.
What is the texture of the leaves of water hyacinth?
The leaves of water hyacinth are smooth and waxy, with a slightly glossy texture.
What is the texture of the coconut leaves?
Coconut leaves have a smooth texture on the top surface, while the underside is rough and fibrous. The leaves are long and narrow, with a slightly waxy feel.
What type of texture is a cyrstal?
A crystal is not a texture.
What is foliage?
Many plants are chosen for their "foliage" or leaves, rather than the flowers. When you have a plant with decorative foliage, it means that the leaves are interesting. Some have different colors, spots, stripes, texture.
How do you change the colour of the leaves in a minecraft texture pack?
To change the color of leaves in a Minecraft texture pack, you need to edit the corresponding leaf texture file using an image editing software. Adjust the color values of the leaves to your desired hue and then save the changes. Make sure to follow the file structure of the texture pack and replace the original leaf texture with the modified one.
What type of trees have fuzzy leaves?
Trees with fuzzy leaves are typically known as "fuzzy or hairy-leaved trees." These trees have leaves that are covered in fine hairs or fuzz, which can give them a soft or velvety texture. Examples of trees with fuzzy leaves include the silver birch, lamb's ear, and the pussy willow.
What is decorative foliage?
Many plants are chosen for their "foliage" or leaves, rather than the flowers. When you have a plant with decorative foliage, it means that the leaves are interesting. Some have different colors, spots, stripes, texture.
What is the texture of a wig?
The texture depends on the brand and the type of wig =)
How many leaves are in a bundle?
depends on the type of tree/plant -Akilae
Which type of metamorphic texture has no binding that occurs?
it is a non foliated metamorphic texture.
What are the key differences between aspen and birch tree leaves in terms of their appearance and characteristics?
Aspen tree leaves are typically round with small teeth along the edges, while birch tree leaves are triangular with double-toothed edges. Aspen leaves have a smooth texture and are often shiny, while birch leaves are matte and have a rougher texture. Additionally, aspen leaves have a flattened stem, while birch leaves have a more pronounced stem.
