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In very sunny climates like Africa the skin is at great risk of danage from UV light which can cause melonomas. The reason skin darkens in temporary sun (sun tan) is that extra melanin is produced in the top most layers of the skin to pretect the deeper layers by blocking the sun light. Human beings started out all having very dark skin as they came from Africa where the sun is very bright. As they moved away from Africa to duller areas (Europe) they evolved not to produce this much melanin as it was unnecessary and used a lot of energy and raw materials to produce. some peopel still have very dark skin as they still live in very sunny parts of the world where it is still needed.

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