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carbon fixation
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Why C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
the use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2
What is C2 plants?
C2 pathway is photo respiratory pathway where oxygen is fixed by RuBisCo instead of CO2( asin normal photosynthetic plants or C3 plants)
Is excess oxygen a problem for cell growth?
Yes
How do azotobacter make anaerobic environment for nitrogenase enzyme?
by concentrate oxygen using leghemoglobin
Are the light reactions necessary in the mesophyll cells of C4 plants?
Yes, the light reactions are necessary in the Mesophyll cells of C4 plants. The reason light reactions should be done in the Mesophyll cells because it is essential in the making of CO2 for the Calvin Cycle in the bundle sheath cells. The Mesophyll cells do not contain Rubisco. Instead they fix carbon dioxide by combining it with a 3-carbon acid. Unlike Rubisco, the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction distinguishes well between carbon dioxide and oxygen. The resulting 4-carbon acid is rearranged and sends to the bundle sheath cells, as shown in Figure 4.22. There, carbon dioxide is released from the 4-carbon acid is rearranged and then transported to the bundle sheath cells, as shown in figure 4.22. There, carbon dioxide is released from the 4-carbon acid and fixed again by Rubisco, forming PGA by way of Calvin cycle.
Why don't Carbon4 plants fix oxygen?
A C4 plants do not fix oxygen because it does not contain the enzyme RuBisCO which fixed either carbon dioxide or oxygen. A special enzyme is used which only allows the carbon dioxide to be fixed. Lets look at C3 plants. C3 plants have RuBisCO which allows them to either fix carbon dioxide or oxygen. In a dry region, the oxygen level may increase while carbon dioxide level may decrease. This means that more oxygens are fixed in a process called photorespiration. Photorespiration is completely useless as it contains no energy, but you can't stop it because there are too much oxygen with not enough carbon dioxide.
What molecule can bind to rubisco and inhibit carbon fixation rates?
Molecular oxygen (O2)
Is rubisco able to bind with carbon dioxide and oxygen?
Rubisco will only fix oxygen when carbon dioxide is in short supply or inaccessible (most commonly because of closed or partially closed stomata). When rubisco fixes oxygen instead of carbon, it is called photorespiration. This process probably evolved as an adaption to hot dry environments with limited amounts of carbon dioxide; however, photorespiration is a highly inefficient process.
Why C4 plants able to photosynthesize with no apparent photorespiration?
the use PEP carboxylase to initially fix CO2
What would happen in a chloroplast containing an unusual form of rubisco that did not bind oxygen?
Photosynthesis would occur but photorespiration would not.
Is oxygen a danger to the ozone layer in the stratosphere?
No oxygen is not a danger to ozone layer in stratosphere. It is because oxygen itself participates in the creation of ozone.
Is oxygen an enzyme?
No it is a pure element.
How combustion of carbon differs in a limited supply of oxygen compared to when oxygen is in excess?
Oxygen in excess: carbon dioxide is obtained.Not sufficient oxygen: carbon monoxide is obtained.
Does oxygen have an excess or a deficiency of electrons?
No.
Do we exhale to remove excess oxygen from the lungs?
No - we exhale to remove air that has a high content of carbon dioxide. Excess oxygen is not a problem when breathing - oxygen deficiency IS a problem.
What is aerobic enzymes?
An enzyme that needs oxygen to survive
What is C2 plants?
C2 pathway is photo respiratory pathway where oxygen is fixed by RuBisCo instead of CO2( asin normal photosynthetic plants or C3 plants)
