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In what direction can a DNA polymerase work when catalyzing the addition of nucleotide monomers to build a strand of DNA?
Wiki User
∙ 10y ago
DNA is polymerized in the 5' to 3' direction.
Wiki User
∙ 14y ago
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What are the 4 enzymes in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase - responsible for separating the two stands DNA Polymerase - responsible for catalyzing the addition of bases to the new strand DNA Ligase - responsible for sealing fragments
Which enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand?
DNA polymerase catalyzes the reactions that are responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction. The parent DNA strand is read in the 3' to 5' direction but the daughter strand is extended in the opposite direction.
What primer is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition?
A primer of RNA
In addition to a phosphate group's a DNA nucleotide could contain?
Deoxyribose sugar and thymine
What does Transcription in eukaryotes require in addition to RNA polymerase?
General Transcription Factors (GTF). TFIID (binds to DNA first at TATA box), TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, TFIIE and TFIIH.
Why are ddNTPs used for DNA sequencing?
Because on the addition of the normal ddNTP to the sequencing, there will be addition of another nucleotide added by DNA polymerase which keeps DNA sequencing going.
What are the 4 enzymes in DNA replication?
DNA Helicase - responsible for separating the two stands DNA Polymerase - responsible for catalyzing the addition of bases to the new strand DNA Ligase - responsible for sealing fragments
Which enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand?
DNA polymerase catalyzes the reactions that are responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands in the 5' to 3' direction. The parent DNA strand is read in the 3' to 5' direction but the daughter strand is extended in the opposite direction.
What primer is needed at the origin of nucleotide addition?
A primer of RNA
What are the elements of DNA polymerase?
DNA polymerase III (not DNA polymerase) is an enzyme that works in association with other enzymes during the replication of a DNA molecule. DNA replication begins when the enzyme, known as helicase unwinds a DNA strand. Helicase unwinds a DNA strand, thus, in the process, separating the two DNA templates. The result of the unwinding of the DNA molecule is the formation of a replication bubble. Once a DNA molecule is unwound, it is not stable. The DNA molecule is untwisted, broken and rearranged by an enzyme called topoisomerase in order to create stability at the ends of a replication bubble. In addition, the DNA replication bubble is further stabilized by a group of protein complexes known as single strand binding proteins.Once the DNA molecule is unwound and stabilized, an enzyme called primase assembles an RNA sequence that is complementary to the adjacent DNA template. The purpose of this initial RNA sequence is to provide a point at which DNA polymerase III can start to add nucleotides to the corresponding DNA template. Unlike RNA polymerase, DNA polymerase III requires an RNA sequence, which is known as a primer. DNA polymerase III can attach a nucleotide only to the 3 prime end of an existing nucleotide sequence. Once a primer is assembled by primase, DNA polymerase III begins its work of adding nucleotides to the 3 prime end of the primer.It is important to note that replication proceeds in two directions, since a DNA replication bubble consists of two DNA templates. Since DNA polymerase III proceeds in the three prime to 5 prime direction at one DNA template, it also has to proceed in the 3 prime to 5 prime direction on the other DNA template. Since the template run in opposite directions, the second template will consist of multiple primers and thus short segments of DNA. These short segments of DNA are known as Okazaki fragments. The Okazaki fragments are created by DNA polymerase three since it is only able to proceed in the 3 prime to 5 prime direction.After DNA polymerase III completes its work, DNA polymerase I begins to replace the RNA nucleotides of the primers with DNA nucleotides. Once DNA polymerase I replaces the RNA nucleotides with DNA nucleotides, DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragments together and the result is a new DNA template.
What is the difference between nucleotide deletion and nucleotide insertion?
Here's a sample nucleotide sequence:AATUGCIf there was a nucleotide deletion (let's say the "G" gets deleted), the sequence would become:AATUCIf there was a nucleotide addition/insertion (let's say a "G" was added between "T' and "U"), the sequence would become:AATGUGCThe difference is that a deletion makes the DNA shorter and an insertion makes it longer.
The substitution addition or removal of a single nucleotide in DNA is called a what mutation?
point mutation
In addition to a phosphate group's a DNA nucleotide could contain?
Deoxyribose sugar and thymine
Why is DNA polymerase added last during PCR?
DNA polymerase is an enzyme that finctions best when itis placed in the right ionic environment. All buffers and all other constituents required for the PCR reaction are added first. The buffers ensure the maintainace of the correct ionic environment for the polymerase to function optimally. Therefore, the DNA polymerase is added last AFTER addition of template and primer
How do you combine velocities in the same direction and different direction?
By vector addition
During DNA replication DNA polymerase lands at origination sites and forms?
DNA polymerase is instrumental in DNA elongation as it catalyzes the addition of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates to the 3 prime end hydroxyl group of the DNA chain. DNA polymerase binds on the origin of replication, and forms a pre-replication complex with other proteins. The replication complex unwinds DNA during replication
What does Transcription in eukaryotes require in addition to RNA polymerase?
General Transcription Factors (GTF). TFIID (binds to DNA first at TATA box), TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIIF, TFIIE and TFIIH.
