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The structures that venous blood cells (with carbon dioxide) pass through are:

inferior vena cava

right atrium (out through tricuspid valve)

right ventricle (out through semilunar valve)

pulmonary artery/arterioles/capillaries

alveoli in the lung

Including the heart valves, the path is from the inferior vena cava, where it will be pulled into the right atrium. It is pushed into the right ventricle through the right atrioventricular valve (a tricuspid valve) then pumped from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve(semilunar) into the pulmonary artery and sent to the lungs, where it will pass through pulmonary arterioles and pulmonary capillaries to reach the alveoli, in which the carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood and is expelled from the lungs during exhalation.

The complete path out of the body is:

Inferior Vena Cava-Right Atrium-Right Atrioventricular valve-Right Ventricle-Pulmonary Semilunar valve-Pulmonary Artery-Pulmonary arteriole-Pulmonary capillaries-alveolar sacs-tertiary bronchioles-secondary bronchioles-primary bronchioles-bronchus-trachea-larynx-pharynx-epiglottis-mouth, or nostrils via the nasal cavity.

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