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carrier proteins transport glucose into a muscle cell
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∙ 12y ago
Wiki User
∙ 11y agoactive transport
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Carrier proteins transport glucose into a muscle cell.?
carrier proteins transport glucose into a muscle cell
What do cells use protein for?
Proteins make up about 50-60% of the dry mass of a cell. They are composed of subunits of amino acids attached to one another by peptide bond (-CONH2).Proteins have five major roles in the cells: receptors (hormones), enzymes, structural materials, channels and pumps.Common examples of proteins related to function on cells:1. Receptors of neurotransmitters (cholinergic receptors receive acetylcholine molecules) in synapses of neuronal system.2. Enzymes catalyzing the breaking down of neurotransmitters, such as cholinesterase enzyme.3. Structural materials like cytoskeleton and its filaments.4. Channel proteins such as Na+ channels which is voltage-gated.5. Pumps or ATPase pumps such as Ca2+ pumps in sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cellsReceptor proteins are usually in the form of glycoprotein are found within the cell membrane as a way to receive information from hormones or other chemicals. When bounded to the substance, the protein receptor initiates an avalanche of reactions within the target cells usually to carry out cellular activities. Example insulin secreted during high blood glucose levels targets the liver and muscle cells to increase their permeability to glucose, increase the metabolic activity of the body and increase rate of conversion of glucose into glycogen. Glucagon is the opposite and is secreted by cells during hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) so that cells limit the expenditure of glucose as well as increase conversion of glycogen into glucose to level up the blood glucose level.In the cell, there are three types of protein bound to the cell membrane. These are the transmembrane proteins, integral proteins, and the peripheral proteins.Transport of substances across membranes (into or out of the cells) is a function of proteins. For transport, the integral (also called intrinsinc) proteins are used. Intrinsinc prteins are classified as carrier proteins and channel proteins.Transport of substances across the cell membrane is mediated by these intrinsinc proteins. Channel protein are selective transporters that do not require energy for transport of substances across the membrane, the may be gated channels (requiring external stimulation for opening). Carrier channels require energy or an electrochemical gradient for movement of substances in and out of the cell.Proteins can also are the skeleton of the cells, known as the cytoskeleton. Cytoskeleton is made up of three types of filaments. Filaments of cells are:1. microfilaments are made up of actin protein (used in muscular contraction),2. microtubules are made of tubulin protein (confers motility to cells ex. bacterial cells),3. intermediate filaments are made of several stable proteins.Functions of cell filaments (cytoskeleton):(i) gives cells its characteristic shape (animal cells)(ii) as anchorage for the cell membrane(iii) determine distribution of the cell organelles(iv) confer motility to certain cells.
What requires ATP to function?
Proteins that carry out active transport such as Na/K ion channels requires ATP. Also metabolic enzymes such as kinases which can phosphorylate its substrate also need ATP; For example hexokinase convert the glucose to glucose 6 phosphate in the first glycolysis step with the expense of an ATP molecule.The muscle protein myosin can use ATP to flex its head, pulling on the muscle protein actin, causing the actin filament to slide past the myosin filament producing contraction of the muscle. Sometimes myosin does this with just ion transfers without requiring ATP, but the reaction using ATP is more dependable.
What are the functions of a protein?
Protein FunctionsAntibodies - are specialized proteins involved in defending the body from antigens (foreign invaders). One way antibodies destroy antigens is by immobilizing them so that they can be destroyed by white blood cells. Contractile Proteins - are responsible for movement. Examples include actin and myosin. These proteins are involved in muscle contraction and movement.Enzymes - are proteins that facilitate biochemical reactions. They are often referred to as catalysts because they speed up chemical reactions. Examples include the enzymes lactase and pepsin. Lactase breaks down the sugar lactose found in milk. Pepsin is a digestive enzyme that works in the stomach to break down proteins in food.Hormonal Proteins - are messenger proteins which help to coordinate certain bodily activities. Examples include insulin, oxytocin, and somatotropin. Insulin regulates glucose metabolism by controlling the blood-sugar concentration. Oxytocin stimulates contractions in females during childbirth. Somatotropin is a growth hormone that stimulates protein production in muscle cells.Structural Proteins - are fibrous and stringy and provide support. Examples include keratin, collagen, and elastin. Keratins strengthen protective coverings such as hair, quills, feathers, horns, and beaks. Collagens and elastin provide support for connective tissue such as tendons and ligaments.Storage Proteins - store amino acids. Examples include ovalbumin and casein. Ovalbumin is found in egg whites and casein is a milk-based protein.Transport Proteins - are carrier proteins which move molecules from one place to another around the body. Examples include hemoglobin and cytochromes. Hemoglobin transports oxygen through the blood. Cytochromes operate in the electron transport chain as electron carrier proteins.
What two mechanisms are used to generate ATP from glucose to muscle cells?
Glycolosis (in the cytoplasm) and aerobic metabolism (in the mitochondria) are used to generate ATP from glucose in muscle cells.
Carrier proteins transport glucose into a muscle cell.?
carrier proteins transport glucose into a muscle cell
How does glucose get from the intestine to a calf muscle?
The glucose goes through the intesine wall, into the blood and is carried around until it reaches the calf muscle cells. Once there it will taken in the cells by carrier proteins which are embedded in the cell membrane (this is because it is not lipid soluable and can't not simply go through the cell membrane like water, oxgen, carbon dioxide etc). The glucose will then be used the mitondria in the cell.
What proteins require ATP to function?
Proteins that carry out active transport such as Na/K ion channels requires ATP. Also metabolic enzymes such as kinases which can phosphorylate its substrate also need ATP; For example hexokinase convert the glucose to glucose 6 phosphate in the first glycolysis step with the expense of an ATP molecule.The muscle protein myosin can use ATP to flex its head, pulling on the muscle protein actin, causing the actin filament to slide past the myosin filament producing contraction of the muscle. Sometimes myosin does this with just ion transfers without requiring ATP, but the reaction using ATP is more dependable.
What has the author Lynn A Megeney written?
Lynn A. Megeney has written: 'Glucose transport in exercising and non-exercising skeletal muscle after exercise' -- subject(s): Energy metabolism, Exercise, Glucose, Glycogen, Musculoskeletal system, Physiological aspects, Physiological aspects of Exercise, Physiological transport, Rats, Striated muscle
What substances does the blood transport towards a muscle cell and in what parts of the blood is each of these carried?
hemoglobin
If you are interested in taking whey protein but you do not work out too often would you still gain muscle and lose fat?
No, you will not. Increasing your protein intake helps you build muscle bulk, not lose fats. Proteins are not stored in the body the way carbs are. So once you take proteins, you either build muscle with it, or it goes out the other end in your urine. NO pain, no gain. You gotta work for it, if you really want it. It's true that proteins are only used to build muscle, when muscle needs to be repaired. But excess protein can be converted to glucose. excess glucose can be stored as fat.
What kind of nutrient does the heart muscle prefer?
The heart pumps all of the nutrients around the body for the body to use. This is generally glucose (sugars), proteins, oxygen and any waste chemicals produced by the body.
Is there the same concentration of glucose when blood goes into the muscle and when it comes out?
Muscle requires glucose, and so there is not the same concentration of glucose in blood entering and exiting a muscle. The exiting blood will be lower in glucose.
Which type of glucose is not degraded in muscle?
according to what i read online it's the blood glucose, as the muscle leaves this blood for the brain use, because brain doesn't store glucose or glycogen as liver and muscle, and the only supply of glucose to brain is via blood glucose
What cells require glucose as an energy to carry out life processes and what mediates the glucose transport across the cell's plasma membrane?
Glucose is virtually the sole energy fuel of brain. Where as, Muscle can derive energy from glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies; adipose tissue stores and uses triacylglycerols.Glucose transporters in the cell membrane permit the entry of glucose inside the cells.
House proteins to build muscle?
Houses do not have proteins and do not have muscles.
What are the muscle proteins and their interaction in the muscle physiology?
Myoglobin and Actin
