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What must happen to a DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA?
The DNA molecule must first unwind and separate into two strands. This process is called transcription, during which RNA polymerase can then read and transcribe one of the DNA strands to synthesize RNA.
Differences between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?
A polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of free nucleotides into a single strand. DNA polymerase differs from RNA polymerase in two major respects: * Like all enzymes, DNA polymerase is substrate-specific. DNA polymerase cannot extend a single strand of DNA; it needs at least a short segment of double-stranded DNA at the outset. * As its name implies, DNA polymerase incorporates deoxyribonucleotides into the new strand. RNA polymerase incorporates ribonucleotides. These differences mean that DNA polymerase is active when new DNA strands are formed, as in DNA replication, and RNA polymerase is active when new RNA is formed, as in transcription. Before DNA replication can begin, the two strands must uncoil, so that each can form a template for free nucleotides to attach to. But DNA polymerase cannot get started with a single strand! In vivo(in the cell) RNA polymerase, which is active in the presence of single-stranded DNA, catalyzes the incorporation of a handful of nucleotides into a new strand. The short length of double-stranded nucleic acid that is produced enables DNA polymerase to swing into action. This still leaves a potential difficulty: the nucleotides incorporated in the presence of RNA polymerase are the wrong sort (ribonucleotides). They are subsequently replaced by DNA polymerase. In vitro (during PCR, the polymerase chain reaction) a primer, specially synthesized in a laboratory, attaches to a specific segment of single-stranded DNA, and the DNA polymerase takes over from there. The primer consists of a short length of single-stranded DNA that uniquely complements a specific DNA segment that is targeted for amplification, for example for forensic analysis.In practice, there are several different DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases in an organism.
Why rna primer is used instead of dna primer?
There are basically two types of enzymes that can bind to DNA and copy it. The DNA polymerase and the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase, which copies DNA into RNA, will only bind to single stranded DNA, in other words areas of the DNA where the nitrogen bases holding the two strands of nucleotide units together have been separated. On the other hand the DNA polymerase that copies DNA into DNA will only bind to DNA that is double stranded. So in lies the dilemma. To make a copy of the DNA the DNA polymerase is use, but it will not bind to single stranded DNA so there is no way to make a DNA primer using aDNA polymerase, but the RNA polymerase will bind to single stranded DNA and there for can be used to make a small RNA primer on the open strands of DNA. Now the DNA polymerase has place that is double stranded and can attach and start copying the DNA.
The correct sequence of the events of transcription is?
RNA polymerase reaches the beginning of a gene.
What is the enzyme that unzips DNA for translation?
The enzyme that unzips DNA for transcription is called RNA polymerase. It separates the two strands of the DNA double helix and synthesizes a single-stranded RNA copy of one of the DNA strands.
What must happen to a DNA molecule before RNA polymerase can make RNA?
The DNA molecule must first unwind and separate into two strands. This process is called transcription, during which RNA polymerase can then read and transcribe one of the DNA strands to synthesize RNA.
Differences between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?
A polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of free nucleotides into a single strand. DNA polymerase differs from RNA polymerase in two major respects: * Like all enzymes, DNA polymerase is substrate-specific. DNA polymerase cannot extend a single strand of DNA; it needs at least a short segment of double-stranded DNA at the outset. * As its name implies, DNA polymerase incorporates deoxyribonucleotides into the new strand. RNA polymerase incorporates ribonucleotides. These differences mean that DNA polymerase is active when new DNA strands are formed, as in DNA replication, and RNA polymerase is active when new RNA is formed, as in transcription. Before DNA replication can begin, the two strands must uncoil, so that each can form a template for free nucleotides to attach to. But DNA polymerase cannot get started with a single strand! In vivo(in the cell) RNA polymerase, which is active in the presence of single-stranded DNA, catalyzes the incorporation of a handful of nucleotides into a new strand. The short length of double-stranded nucleic acid that is produced enables DNA polymerase to swing into action. This still leaves a potential difficulty: the nucleotides incorporated in the presence of RNA polymerase are the wrong sort (ribonucleotides). They are subsequently replaced by DNA polymerase. In vitro (during PCR, the polymerase chain reaction) a primer, specially synthesized in a laboratory, attaches to a specific segment of single-stranded DNA, and the DNA polymerase takes over from there. The primer consists of a short length of single-stranded DNA that uniquely complements a specific DNA segment that is targeted for amplification, for example for forensic analysis.In practice, there are several different DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases in an organism.
What is an open complex?
An open complexAn open complex is the complex of RNA polymerase and one DNA strand (The antisense strand) while a Closed complex is the complex of RNA Polymerase when it is bound to the double stranded DNA. The RNA Polymerase first creates the closed compex. The open complex is created when the double stranded DNA is separated to two strands.
Why rna primer is used instead of dna primer?
There are basically two types of enzymes that can bind to DNA and copy it. The DNA polymerase and the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase, which copies DNA into RNA, will only bind to single stranded DNA, in other words areas of the DNA where the nitrogen bases holding the two strands of nucleotide units together have been separated. On the other hand the DNA polymerase that copies DNA into DNA will only bind to DNA that is double stranded. So in lies the dilemma. To make a copy of the DNA the DNA polymerase is use, but it will not bind to single stranded DNA so there is no way to make a DNA primer using aDNA polymerase, but the RNA polymerase will bind to single stranded DNA and there for can be used to make a small RNA primer on the open strands of DNA. Now the DNA polymerase has place that is double stranded and can attach and start copying the DNA.
The correct sequence of the events of transcription is?
RNA polymerase reaches the beginning of a gene.
What is the enzyme that unzips DNA for translation?
The enzyme that unzips DNA for transcription is called RNA polymerase. It separates the two strands of the DNA double helix and synthesizes a single-stranded RNA copy of one of the DNA strands.
How many strands of RNA are transcribed from the two unzipped strands of DNA?
One strand of RNA is transcribed from each of the two unzipped strands of DNA during transcription. RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand to one of the DNA strands.
Explain the role of RNA polymerase in mRNA sythesis?
During transcription, RNA Polymerase binds with upstream of the gene that is to be transcribed into mRNA. This causes the double helix shape of the DNA to unwind. Then, RNA Polymerase uses the template strand of the DNA as guide and synthesizes a complementary mRNA strand using ribonucleotides. Basically, without RNA Polymerase, mRNA would not be synthesized.
What happens first during transcription?
RNA polymerase reaches the beginning of the gene
What process does the two rails or sides break apart and pair up with RNA nucleotides assembling mRNA.?
The process you're referring to is transcription, where the two strands of DNA separate, allowing RNA polymerase to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA) by pairing RNA nucleotides with the exposed DNA template strand. As the RNA polymerase moves along the DNA, it adds complementary RNA nucleotides, forming a single-stranded mRNA molecule that carries the genetic information needed for protein synthesis. Once the mRNA is synthesized, it undergoes processing before being translated into proteins.
What enzymes are responsible for replication of the DNA molecule?
Helicase is the enzymes that splits the double helix into two separate strands, and DNA Polymerase (as opposed to RNA Polymerase) joins the nucleotides together in the new strands being created.
Which of the following statements best describe the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?
In prokaryotes, transcription termination can occur through two main mechanisms: factor-independent termination, where a GC-rich region followed by a poly(U) sequence causes RNA to form a hairpin loop, and factor-dependent termination, where a termination factor called Rho protein binds to the RNA transcript and disrupts the RNA polymerase complex. Both mechanisms lead to the release of the RNA transcript from the DNA template.
