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Messenger RNA (mRNA) is composed of long strings of nucleotides. These nucleotides are further arranged into groups of three, called codons. There are 64 possible combinations of codons, and they code for 20 amino acids in all (some amino acids are coded for by more than one codon.)
Transfer RNA (tRNA) is composed of the same nucleotides as mRNA. One specific location on a tRNA molecule, known as the anticodon, is capable of linking to the codon on the mRNA. This is determined by the same rules that allow these bonds to form in other DNA/RNA. Uracil may link with Adenine, and Cytosine may link with Guanine. U and A form two hydrogen bonds, while C and G form three.
Thus, a tRNA's anticodon (and, more specifically, the rules governing the bonds between nucleotides) is what determines whether it will bind to an mRNA codon, bringing with it the amino acid that the mRNA codon codes for.
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What is the significance of the shape of mRNA in the process of protein synthesis?
The shape of mRNA is important in protein synthesis because it determines how the mRNA molecule interacts with other molecules involved in the process. The specific shape of mRNA allows it to be read by ribosomes, which are responsible for translating the genetic code into proteins. If the mRNA molecule is not the correct shape, it may not be able to properly bind to the ribosome, leading to errors in protein synthesis.
What does tRNA have that mRNA does not have?
tRNA has a specific anticodon sequence that complements the mRNA codons, enabling it to bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. mRNA does not have this complementary sequence to directly bind with amino acids.
Where do Ribosomes bind on mRNA?
Ribosomes bind to the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of mRNA, specifically at a sequence called the ribosome-binding site (RBS) or Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes. This interaction helps initiate translation by positioning the ribosome at the start codon.
Which molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
At the heart of it, DNA is the molecule that codes for the sequence of amino acids. DNA does this somewhat indirectly because its code is transcribed to mRNA, whose codons pair with specific tRNA anticodons, which are associated with a specific amino acid.
What determines the type of protein that is produced in protein synthesis?
This could be answered a few ways, but at the most specific, it is the codons that are translated via tRNA which make a protein. Each codon, represented by 3 nucleotides, "codes" for an amino acid. A string of amino acids make a protein, thus the nucleotides in the codons determines the product. To get to this point, requires transcription from DNA into mRNA and then mRNA is translated into the amino acids, so you could say that DNA itself determines the protein produced; however, it is actually the codons in the mRNA that are used to make the protein. The section of DNA that is transcribed is called a gene, so you could also say that it is the gene that determines what is produced.
What is the significance of the shape of mRNA in the process of protein synthesis?
The shape of mRNA is important in protein synthesis because it determines how the mRNA molecule interacts with other molecules involved in the process. The specific shape of mRNA allows it to be read by ribosomes, which are responsible for translating the genetic code into proteins. If the mRNA molecule is not the correct shape, it may not be able to properly bind to the ribosome, leading to errors in protein synthesis.
What does tRNA have that mRNA does not have?
tRNA has a specific anticodon sequence that complements the mRNA codons, enabling it to bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. mRNA does not have this complementary sequence to directly bind with amino acids.
What is the nucleiotide sequence in mRNA that determines a specific amino acid?
groups of three nuleotides in mRNA codes for each one specific amino acid, these groups of three nucleotides are called as codon
MRNA is translated into?
mRNA is translated into proteins by the ribosomes in the cell. This process involves decoding the mRNA sequence into a specific amino acid sequence which ultimately determines the protein's structure and function within the cell.
Where do Ribosomes bind on mRNA?
Ribosomes bind to the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) of mRNA, specifically at a sequence called the ribosome-binding site (RBS) or Shine-Dalgarno sequence in prokaryotes. This interaction helps initiate translation by positioning the ribosome at the start codon.
Which molecule determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
At the heart of it, DNA is the molecule that codes for the sequence of amino acids. DNA does this somewhat indirectly because its code is transcribed to mRNA, whose codons pair with specific tRNA anticodons, which are associated with a specific amino acid.
What determines the type of protein that is produced in protein synthesis?
This could be answered a few ways, but at the most specific, it is the codons that are translated via tRNA which make a protein. Each codon, represented by 3 nucleotides, "codes" for an amino acid. A string of amino acids make a protein, thus the nucleotides in the codons determines the product. To get to this point, requires transcription from DNA into mRNA and then mRNA is translated into the amino acids, so you could say that DNA itself determines the protein produced; however, it is actually the codons in the mRNA that are used to make the protein. The section of DNA that is transcribed is called a gene, so you could also say that it is the gene that determines what is produced.
Haw does antisense technology work?
Antisense technology is based on stopping the production of a protein. In order for a protein to be formed, the mRNA has to be translated (read by the ribosomes). The happens in the cytoplasm. There are stretches of nucleic acid bases called cDNA that are complimentary to specific mRNA sequences. These cDNA molecules can bind to the mRNA molecules and inactivate them. When mRNA is inactivated, it cannot be translated into a protein and a protein will not be formed. Since every protein is made by a certain mRNA, by inactivating the mRNA using cDNA molecules, the production of the protein can be stopped. This process is called mRNA silencing or antisense technology
What is the significance of mRNA shape in the process of protein synthesis?
The shape of mRNA is important in protein synthesis because it determines how the mRNA molecule interacts with other molecules involved in the process. The specific shape of mRNA helps to guide the ribosomes in reading the genetic code and synthesizing the correct protein. If the mRNA shape is altered, it can affect the efficiency and accuracy of protein synthesis.
What determines the sequence of bases in mRNA?
the sequence of bases in DNA
Where does a tRNA bind to an mRNA molecule during the process of protein synthesis?
A tRNA binds to an mRNA molecule at the ribosome during the process of protein synthesis.
Where will the miRNA goes and binds?
miRNAs typically bind to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of target messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. They form a complex with proteins to degrade or inhibit the translation of the target mRNA, thereby regulating gene expression.
