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c. Repression of the phage genome - A phage coded protein, called a repressor, is made which binds to a particular site on the phage DNA, called the operator, and shuts off transcription of most phage genes EXCEPT the repressor gene. The result is a stable repressed phage genome which is integrated into the host chromosome. Each temperate phage will only repress its own DNA and not that from other phage, so that repression is very specific (immunity to superinfection with the same phage).
Reference: http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/phage.htm
What else can I help you with?
What is the difference between virulent phage and prophage?
temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. A temperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium.The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).So they are both the same in that they both require a host cell to reproduce. They both can have lytic lifecycles but only the temperate phage can "hitch a ride" in the host cell by integrating into the genome.
The substance a phage leaves outside its host cell?
The substance a phage leaves outside its host cell is typically referred to as the "phage progeny" or "phage particles." These particles can include newly synthesized phage DNA and proteins, as well as the phage capsid that encapsulates the genetic material. This material can go on to infect other host cells and continue the phage replication cycle.
What does a phage inject when it attaches to a bacterium?
A phage injects its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the bacterium when it attaches to it. This genetic material then hijacks the bacterium's machinery to replicate itself, eventually leading to the destruction of the bacterium.
What kind of cell does a phage infect?
A phage infects bacterial cells by injecting its genetic material into the host bacterium. Once inside, the phage hijacks the bacterium's cellular machinery to replicate and produce more phage particles, ultimately leading to the bacterium's destruction.
Do temperate phage form bacteriophage plaques?
Yes, temperate phages can form bacteriophage plaques when they infect bacterial cells. Temperate phages have the ability to integrate into the bacterial host genome as a prophage and can undergo a lysogenic cycle where they replicate alongside the host cell without causing immediate lysis. If conditions change, they can enter a lytic cycle and form plaques by causing host cell lysis.
What is another term for a lysogenic phage?
temperate phage
What is the difference between a virulent phage and a temperate phage?
In virology, temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. Atemperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium. The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).
What is concomitant immunity?
The presence of the parasite within the host confers a degree of protection against superinfection Outcome is chronic infection and density dependant disease
How can you distinguish a lytic phage from a temperate phage?
A lytic phage primarily replicates by hijacking the host's cellular machinery to produce new virions, ultimately leading to the lysis and death of the host cell. In contrast, a temperate phage can adopt two different lifestyles: it can either enter the lytic cycle, causing cell lysis, or integrate its genome into the host's DNA, entering a lysogenic cycle where it replicates along with the host without causing immediate harm. The key distinction lies in the temperate phage's ability to establish a stable relationship with the host cell through lysogeny, while lytic phages always result in cell death.
What is the difference between virulent phage and prophage?
temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. A temperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium.The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).So they are both the same in that they both require a host cell to reproduce. They both can have lytic lifecycles but only the temperate phage can "hitch a ride" in the host cell by integrating into the genome.
The development of virulent toxin producing bacterial strains due to the presence of a temperate phage can occur in?
specialized transduction
What type of phage enters an inactive prophage stage?
A temperate phage is a type of phage that can enter an inactive prophage stage by integrating its DNA into the host cell's genome. In this stage, the prophage replicates along with the host cell's DNA and can be passed on to daughter cells during cell division.
What is an example of a superinfection?
antibioma
What are temperate phages?
Temperate phages are bacteriophages that can follow two replication pathways: lytic and lysogenic. In the lytic cycle, they infect a bacterial host and replicate rapidly, causing cell lysis. In the lysogenic cycle, they integrate their DNA into the host genome, replicating along with the host without causing immediate cell lysis.
A virus that reproduces in a bacterium is called?
phage
Why are lysogens immune to superinfections?
Lysogens are immune to superinfections because they already contain a prophage (viral DNA) integrated into their bacterial genome. This prophage confers immunity by blocking the entry of new phages or preventing their replication inside the host cell. This phenomenon is known as superinfection immunity.
When phage attaches to a bacteria the phage injects what?
DNA single
