temperate phage
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Metonymy
conception
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Phage DNA that is integrated into a host's cell chromosome is a bacteriophage. They behave as lytic or lysogenic. Lytic breaks open the host after replication, , lysogenic does not destroy the host.
The Lambda Phage bacterial virus replicates itself whilst the HIV virus binds itself to existing cells and damages them. Lamba Phage increases with a "lysogenic" cycle, whilst the increase of HIV is known as "Lytic".
lysogenic
B) Lysogenic
Temperate phages are bacteriophages that can follow two replication pathways: lytic and lysogenic. In the lytic cycle, they infect a bacterial host and replicate rapidly, causing cell lysis. In the lysogenic cycle, they integrate their DNA into the host genome, replicating along with the host without causing immediate cell lysis.
it becomes a part of the bacterial DNA and it can be replicated into the daughter cells. this cycle doesn't harm the bacterial cell but it can change into the lysis cycle and kill the host cell
In virology, temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. Atemperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium. The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).
c. Repression of the phage genome - A phage coded protein, called a repressor, is made which binds to a particular site on the phage DNA, called the operator, and shuts off transcription of most phage genes EXCEPT the repressor gene. The result is a stable repressed phage genome which is integrated into the host chromosome. Each temperate phage will only repress its own DNA and not that from other phage, so that repression is very specific (immunity to superinfection with the same phage).Reference: http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/phage.htm
Phage = engulf
The bacterium that is pathogenic only when lysogenic is Streptococcus pyogenes. It can become virulent by acquiring a lysogenic bacteriophage that carries genes for toxins, such as the pyrogenic exotoxins, which can lead to diseases like scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. In its non-lysogenic state, S. pyogenes can still cause infections but lacks the enhanced virulence associated with the phage. Thus, lysogeny plays a crucial role in its pathogenic potential.
Phage can move easily in soft agar,it can bind with another bacteria after lysis