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A lytic phage primarily replicates by hijacking the host's cellular machinery to produce new virions, ultimately leading to the lysis and death of the host cell. In contrast, a temperate phage can adopt two different lifestyles: it can either enter the lytic cycle, causing cell lysis, or integrate its genome into the host's DNA, entering a lysogenic cycle where it replicates along with the host without causing immediate harm. The key distinction lies in the temperate phage's ability to establish a stable relationship with the host cell through lysogeny, while lytic phages always result in cell death.
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What is the difference between a virulent phage and a temperate phage?
In virology, temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. Atemperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium. The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).
What is the difference between virulent phage and prophage?
temperate refers to the life cycle some phages are able to perform. A temperate phage can integrate its genome into its host bacterium's chromosome, becoming a lysogen known as a prophage. A temperate phage is also able to undergo lytic life cycles, where the prophage is expressed, replicates the phage genome and produces phage progeny and the progeny phage leave the bacterium.The virulent phages have only lytic lifecycles and thus infection results in the host cell's death (due to lytic cell destruction-the phage replicates itself and then bursts the cell, releasing many copies).So they are both the same in that they both require a host cell to reproduce. They both can have lytic lifecycles but only the temperate phage can "hitch a ride" in the host cell by integrating into the genome.
What are temperate phages?
Temperate phages are bacteriophages that can follow two replication pathways: lytic and lysogenic. In the lytic cycle, they infect a bacterial host and replicate rapidly, causing cell lysis. In the lysogenic cycle, they integrate their DNA into the host genome, replicating along with the host without causing immediate cell lysis.
What is another term for a lysogenic phage?
temperate phage
What is temperate phage superinfection immunity?
c. Repression of the phage genome - A phage coded protein, called a repressor, is made which binds to a particular site on the phage DNA, called the operator, and shuts off transcription of most phage genes EXCEPT the repressor gene. The result is a stable repressed phage genome which is integrated into the host chromosome. Each temperate phage will only repress its own DNA and not that from other phage, so that repression is very specific (immunity to superinfection with the same phage).Reference: http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/mayer/phage.htm
What is a latent phage?
A latent phage, also known as a temperate phage, is a type of bacteriophage that can enter a dormant state within a bacterial host. Instead of immediately replicating and causing cell lysis, the phage integrates its genetic material into the host's genome, becoming a prophage. This latent phase allows the phage to be replicated along with the host's DNA during cell division, potentially reactivating under certain conditions to enter the lytic cycle. This ability to alternate between lytic and lysogenic cycles gives latent phages a unique role in bacterial evolution and ecology.
What can cause a phage in the lysogenic stage to revert to the lytic stage?
ultraviolet light
What phage in the reproductive cycle kills the bacterial host cell?
In the lytic cycle, a phage kills the bacterial host cell by causing it to burst (lysis) to release new phage particles. The phage replicates inside the host cell until it reaches a critical point, then the host cell is ruptured to release the new phages to infect other host cells.
What is the phage DNA that is integrated into a host cell's chromosome is called a?
Phage DNA that is integrated into a host's cell chromosome is a bacteriophage. They behave as lytic or lysogenic. Lytic breaks open the host after replication, , lysogenic does not destroy the host.
How does the reproduction of HIV and lambda phage differ?
The Lambda Phage bacterial virus replicates itself whilst the HIV virus binds itself to existing cells and damages them. Lamba Phage increases with a "lysogenic" cycle, whilst the increase of HIV is known as "Lytic".
Do temperate phage form bacteriophage plaques?
Yes, temperate phages can form bacteriophage plaques when they infect bacterial cells. Temperate phages have the ability to integrate into the bacterial host genome as a prophage and can undergo a lysogenic cycle where they replicate alongside the host cell without causing immediate lysis. If conditions change, they can enter a lytic cycle and form plaques by causing host cell lysis.
The lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection ends with?
The lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection ends with the lysis of the bacterial host cell. Once the phage has replicated its genetic material and assembled new viral particles, it produces enzymes that break down the bacterial cell wall. This rupture releases the newly formed phages into the environment, allowing them to infect other bacterial cells. Consequently, the lytic cycle results in the destruction of the host cell and the propagation of the phage.
