Genotype are the unseen differences in genetic combinations of an individual. Phenotypes are the expressed and seen differences of an individual.
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism with reference to a single trait, set of traits, or an entire complex of trait; that is, genotype is the type of genes you have. A phenotype is the physical characteristic of an organism. So the genotype decides the genetics and inherited traits of an organism, but phenotypes refer to the actual display of these traits. Genotypes are decided by inherited genes, while phenotypes are determined by the effect of environmental factors as well. The more complex a biological process, the more is the effect of environmental factors on it and therefore the chances of a predominant phenotype.
For example, say recessive allele t codes for albinism (a congenital disorder) and dominant allele T is normal. Two individuals have different genotypes: TT and Tt. Because they both have an allele T, neither have albinism; therefore, they have different genotypes but the same phenotype. An individual with a genotype tt would have albinism and would therefore have a different phenotype than the previous two.
Another example: Identical twins have the same genes and the same genotype. Every now and then a gene in one of the twins will be expressed differently from the gene in the other twin. They will have different phenotypes. So phenotype is a fancy word used when a gene works one way under certain conditions and a different way under other conditions.
An easy way to remember that (from what I've learned from my science teacher) is to think "Pheno" as "Photo", like if you take a picture, you'll only be able to see the outside of somebody; what they look like.
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In more detail:
Take alleles R and r. If R and R display a "complete dominance" relationship, then RR , Rr, and rr are different genotypes, but two are the same phenotype. RR and Rr display the same trait because R is completelycovering up r's trait, but rr will show the recessive trait.
EX: A flower with R as a red trait and r as a white trait has the following phenotypes for each genotype:
Additional information:
If R and r display a "codominance" relationship, then RR, Rr, and rr are different genotypes and phenotypes. RR shows the dominant trait, while rr shows the recessive trait. Rr shows a combination of the two, as if the two were dominating cooperatively.
EX: A flower with R as a red trait and r as a white trait has the following phenotypes for each genotype:
If R and r display a "incomplete dominance" or "incomplete inheritance" relationship, then RR, Rr, and rr are different genotypes and phenotypes. RR shows the dominant trait, while rr shows the recessive trait. Rr shows when R incompletely dominates r, allowing some of its qualities show. EX: A flower with R as a red trait and r as a white trait has the following phenotypes for each genotype:
The chart you are referring to is called a Punnett square. It is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring resulting from a genetic cross between two individuals.
Genotypes are the cause, as they represent the genetic makeup of an organism inherited from its parents. Phenotypes are the effect, as they are the observable characteristics and traits resulting from the interaction between an organism's genotype and its environment.
The diagram can be used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring by following the inheritance patterns of the parents' traits. By analyzing the alleles passed down from each parent, one can determine the possible combinations of genotypes and corresponding phenotypes that the offspring may inherit.
Yes, genetic drift can cause changes in the frequency of genotypes and phenotypes in a population over time. In a small population experiencing genetic drift, certain genotypes and phenotypes may become more common by chance, while others may be lost. This can lead to differences in the distribution of traits between the original and reduced population.
Punnett Squares do not directly tell you the percentages of phenotypes and genotypes, it tells you the probability of the expected genotypes. Based on the Punnett Square, you can infer about the genotypic and phenotypic ratios.
The genotypes in which one or more alleles is dominant.
No.
The chart you are referring to is called a Punnett square. It is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring resulting from a genetic cross between two individuals.
What is the probability that any of the offspring between individuals with the genotype AABbCcddEE will have the genotype AABBCCddEE
I think you have the question backwards, "Why isn't it possible to have more phenotypes than genotypes?" There are always more or an equal number of genotypes relative to phenotypes. The phenotype for a simple dominant/recessive interaction (for example) T for tall and t for short where TT is tall, Tt is tall and tt is short has three genotypes and two phenotypes. If T and t are co-dominant then TT would be tall, Tt would be intermediate and tt would be short. (Three phenotypes and three genotypes.)
Genotypes are not created by phenotypes, they are the alleles/genes of the organism. Genotypes (in combination with environment) produce phenotypes. It would be expected that the genotypes Bb and BB would produce the phenotype B.
Indirectly, yes it does. But it can only act on genotypes through their phenotypes.
Genotypes are the cause, as they represent the genetic makeup of an organism inherited from its parents. Phenotypes are the effect, as they are the observable characteristics and traits resulting from the interaction between an organism's genotype and its environment.
The diagram can be used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring by following the inheritance patterns of the parents' traits. By analyzing the alleles passed down from each parent, one can determine the possible combinations of genotypes and corresponding phenotypes that the offspring may inherit.
Many possible genotypes, producing ,any possible phenotypes.
The number of possible genotypes is typically higher than the number of observable phenotypes because multiple genotypes can result in the same phenotype due to genetic variations, interactions, and environmental factors. Different combinations of genotypes and environmental influences can lead to similar outward traits, resulting in fewer distinct phenotypes than genotypes.
a phenotype is the exterior expression of a predisposed genotype, ie. hair colour. These are both due to the genetical makeup of the parent cells.