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Human and Ecological Relevance of Conifers

1. Pine trees-"many parts are edible"

• bark and seeds

2. Masts of sailing vessels (eastern white pine)

3. Turpentine and rosin

• naval stores, caulking and sealing wooden sailing ships

4. Amber

• fossilized resins with entrapped insects

5. Pulpwood

• major source is white spruce

6. Soundboards of Musical Instruments (violins, etc.)

7. Douglas fir

• lumber

8. Arborvitae

• ornamentals

9. Juniper berries

• used to flavor gin

10. Pacific yew

• taxol, a drug with anticancer properties, obtained from bark

11. Conifers are used for Crates, Boxes, Matchsticks, Furniture, and Telephone poles Human and Ecological Relevance or Other Gymnosperms

1. Arrowroot starch (from cycads)

2. Ginkgo

a. Seeds edible

b. Leaf extracts improve blood supply to brain and lungs

3. Mormon tea

• from Ephedra leaves

4. Ephedrine drug

• from Chinese Ephedra

5. Gnetum rope (used in Java)

• from bark fibers

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16y ago

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