Plant and microbial enzyme uses ATP, but animal enzyme uses GTP
produces ATP in plants and GTP in animals
2 moles of pyruvate produce 2 ATP, 6 reduced NAD, 2 reduced FAD
From the cycle itself, two molecules of CO2 are released. One from Isocitrate to alpha-Ketoglutarate (with an Oxalosuccinate molecule as an intermediate compound), and other in the step from alpha-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA.
NADH = 2.5 - 3.3 ATP FADH2 = 1.5 - 2 ATP Succinyl CoA to Oxaloacetate makes 1 ATP, 1 FADH2, and NADH But we have 3 Succinyl CoA so therefore 3 ATP, 3 FADH2, and 3 NADH are made. The 3 ATP because we are including substrate-level phosphorylation The 3 FADH2 makes 4.5 to 6 ATP The 3 NADH makes 7.5 to 9.9 ATP The Range for the ATP molecules made are 15 - 18.9 ATP (15 - 18 ATP because u cannot have 9/10 of an ATP) In my opinion, most generally round the NADH to 3 ATP, and so my estimate would be 18 ATP are created, but anywhere within the 15 - 18.9 range is accurate.
ATP in Krebs cycle is made by substrate level phosphorylation, where the phosphoryl group is directly transferred to ADP. This occurs when succinyl CoA is converted into succinate. Actually, this is the only time during the cycle that ATP is made.
List of enzymes used in Krebs cycle are: 1. citrate. 2. isocitrate. 3.alpha- ketoglutarate. 4. succinyl- CoA. 5. succinate. 6. fumarate. 7.malate. 8.oxaloacetate. Hope this helps.
Succinyl co-enzyme A synthetase in Plants produces ATP while in case Animals It produces GTP (Imran Farooqui) mail me at :- imranfarooqui009@gmail.com
In plants it is metabolized from photosynthesis to form chlorophyll.In animals it is metabolized in the form of energy originating from the liver.
The answer is 4
It's pronounced 'suck-sin-ul-co-leen'.
I think it was Succinyl Choline
1.) Increases in NADH, Succinyl CoA, ATP, Citrate inhibit citrate synthase. 2.) Increases in ATP will inhibitisocitrate dehydrogenase. 3.) Increases in succinyl CoA and NADH will inhibit succinate thiokinase.
Halothane and other stuff, like succinyl choline. Nitrious oxide
2 moles of pyruvate produce 2 ATP, 6 reduced NAD, 2 reduced FAD
From the cycle itself, two molecules of CO2 are released. One from Isocitrate to alpha-Ketoglutarate (with an Oxalosuccinate molecule as an intermediate compound), and other in the step from alpha-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA.
Correct answer: II and III
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur within the mitochondria of cells. The cycle involves the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to produce ATP, the primary energy source for cells. The process can be divided into the following steps: Acetyl-CoA Formation: The cycle starts with the formation of acetyl-CoA from pyruvate, which is generated during glycolysis or from fatty acids. This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, and results in the release of carbon dioxide (CO2) and the formation of NADH. Citrate Formation: Acetyl-CoA then combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, which is catalyzed by the enzyme citrate synthase. This reaction also releases CoA. Isocitrate Formation: Citrate is then converted into isocitrate by the enzyme aconitase. This reaction involves the removal of one water molecule and the addition of another. α-Ketoglutarate Formation: Isocitrate is then oxidized by isocitrate dehydrogenase, releasing CO2 and producing NADH. This reaction also forms α-ketoglutarate. Succinyl-CoA Formation: α-Ketoglutarate is then converted into succinyl-CoA by the enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. This reaction also releases CO2 and produces NADH. Succinate Formation: Succinyl-CoA is then converted into succinate by the enzyme succinyl-CoA synthetase. This reaction produces ATP. Fumarate Formation: Succinate is then oxidized by succinate dehydrogenase, releasing FADH2 and producing fumarate. Malate Formation: Fumarate is then converted into malate by the enzyme fumarase. Oxaloacetate Formation: Malate is then oxidized by malate dehydrogenase, releasing NADH and producing oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate can then be used to begin the cycle again. Overall, the Krebs cycle produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2 molecules for every molecule of glucose that enters the cycle. These products are then used in the electron transport chain to produce more ATP, which can be used for cellular energy.
NADH = 2.5 - 3.3 ATP FADH2 = 1.5 - 2 ATP Succinyl CoA to Oxaloacetate makes 1 ATP, 1 FADH2, and NADH But we have 3 Succinyl CoA so therefore 3 ATP, 3 FADH2, and 3 NADH are made. The 3 ATP because we are including substrate-level phosphorylation The 3 FADH2 makes 4.5 to 6 ATP The 3 NADH makes 7.5 to 9.9 ATP The Range for the ATP molecules made are 15 - 18.9 ATP (15 - 18 ATP because u cannot have 9/10 of an ATP) In my opinion, most generally round the NADH to 3 ATP, and so my estimate would be 18 ATP are created, but anywhere within the 15 - 18.9 range is accurate.