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The nuclear membrane is a double membrane surrounding the chromosomes of a eukaryotic cell.

Together with associated structures, it is called the nuclear envelope. Perforations in the double membrane are termed pores; each is surrounded by a group of proteins collectively called the nuclear pore complex.

The nuclear membrane defines the limit of the organelle called the nucleus. The membrane is broken into fragments during the first phase (prophase) of nuclear division. The fragments travel through the endoplasmic reticulum to the poles of the dividing cell, and are used to form the nuclear membranes of the daughter-cells.

The pores permit large molecules to enter and leave the nucleus. For example, after transcription messenger RNA passes through a pore on its way to the cytoplasm for translation. And proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm enter the nucleus via pores before being incorporated in ribosome subunits being assembled in the nucleolus. These subunits subsequently leave the nucleus through the pores.

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