Fear brings on a chain reaction that causes an outpouring of chemicals (hormones such as epinephrine, norepinephrine and many more) to cause symptoms such as a racing heart, sweaty palms, and hyperventilating among others. The hypothalamus (a part of the brain) initiates the fight-or-flight instinctive response.
Salivation is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic nervous system. When stimulated, the parasympathetic nervous system activates salivary glands to produce saliva, which helps with digestion and swallowing. Additionally, sensory input such as the smell or taste of food can also trigger the salivary reflex.
The nervous system The central nervous system
An action potential is a brief electrical signal that travels along a neuron's membrane. It is generated when the neuron is stimulated and involves a rapid change in voltage. This signal allows neurons to communicate with each other and transmit information throughout the nervous system.
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry signals between nerve cells in the human nervous system. When a nerve cell is stimulated, it releases neurotransmitters into the synapse, the gap between nerve cells. These neurotransmitters then bind to receptors on the receiving nerve cell, triggering a response and transmitting the signal. This process allows for communication and coordination within the nervous system.
The main organs involved in the nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord, which make up the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system includes nerves that connect the central nervous system to the rest of the body's organs and tissues.
adrinal gland stimulates the nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system allows for the relaxation of the GI muscles, which allows excretion. So in other words, constipation is more a product of the sympathetic nervous system, which if stimulated, will divert blood flow from the gut and delay defecation, causing constipation. If the parasympathetic nervous system is blocked or the sympathetic system stimulated, constipation can result.
it stimulates the gastrointestinal activity
Norepinephrine as a hormone is stimulated by epinephrine and angiotensin II. Norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter is stimulated by electrical impulses from the sympathetic nervous system.
cardiac muscle tissue
The resting nerve cell is not being stimulated to send a nerve impulse
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is primarily stimulated by humoral factors, such as changes in blood osmolality and blood volume. However, it can also be influenced by the nervous system, specifically through signals from the hypothalamus in response to stress or pain.
Although some hormones are stimulated for release by humoral factors (nutrient and ion concentrations), most are either directly stimulated for release by the nervous system or indirectly stimulated for release though inhibitory or releasing hormones via the hypothalamus which is also part of the nervous system. The transport part of your question is that the endocrine system relies on the cardiovascular system to circulate the hormones throughout the body in order to reach their target organs.
Although some hormones are stimulated for release by humoral factors (nutrient and ion concentrations), most are either directly stimulated for release by the nervous system or indirectly stimulated for release though inhibitory or releasing hormones via the hypothalamus which is also part of the nervous system. The transport part of your question is that the endocrine system relies on the cardiovascular system to circulate the hormones throughout the body in order to reach their target organs.
Salivation is primarily controlled by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the parasympathetic nervous system. When stimulated, the parasympathetic nervous system activates salivary glands to produce saliva, which helps with digestion and swallowing. Additionally, sensory input such as the smell or taste of food can also trigger the salivary reflex.
Vagal escape occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system, specifically the vagus nerve, fails to regulate the heart rate and the heart muscle is instead stimulated by other mechanisms. This can happen in situations where there is a prolonged increase in sympathetic nerve activity or when there is a dysfunction in the parasympathetic nervous system.
when you stress your body ( Exercise), first parasympathetic nervous system get stimulated then sympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for body secretions ( watery nose, tears, stomach, mucus, saliva, etc). This is why first response of your exercise will be watery eyes and nose. After some time sympathetic nervous system kicks in and you become dry.