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What major event happens just before prophase 1 of meiosis but does not occur before prophase 2?
Crossing over of genetic material occurs just before prophase 1 of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments. This event does not occur before prophase 2 because homologous chromosomes have already separated during meiosis I.
When does a chromosome consist of 2 identical chromatids?
A chromosome consists of 2 identical chromatids during the S phase of the cell cycle, after DNA replication has occurred. The two chromatids are known as sister chromatids and are held together by a structure called the centromere.
Why is the replication process is a source of few mutations?
Some mutations are due to errors in DNA replication. During the replication process, DNA polymerase chooses complementary nucleotide triphosphates from the cellular pool. Then the nucleotide triphosphate is converted to a nucleotide monophosphate and aligned with the template nucleotide. A mismatched nucleotide slips through this selection process only onece per 100,000 base pairs at most. The mismatched nucleotide causes a pause in replication, during which it is excised from the daughter strand and replaced with the correct nucleotide. After this so-called proofreading has occurred, the error rate is only one per 1 billion base pairs.
Sometimes mutations in DNA can cause control of the cell cycle to fail. What might happen if such a mutation occurred in a person's DNA?
The failure of DNA replication during the cell cycle can cause mutations. If such mutations occurred in a person's DNA, the person can end up getting cancer.
What reduces errors in DNA replication?
There are an average of 6 errors for every cell division, most of which either occur in the 95% percent of DNA that does not code for proteins or are relatively unharmful substitution mutations.
How many chromosomes in an infant?
46 unless a mutation has occurred
What would happen if cytokineses occurred without mitosis?
The cell ensures that mitosis and cytokinesis occurred without any mistakes.
But the end of prophase each of the following has occurred except?
lining up of chromosomes in the cell
What major event happens just before prophase 1 of meiosis but does not occur before prophase 2?
Crossing over of genetic material occurs just before prophase 1 of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange segments. This event does not occur before prophase 2 because homologous chromosomes have already separated during meiosis I.
What would happen if cytokinesis occurred before telophase was completed?
If cytokinesis took place before mitosis then the cell would not be able to divide evenly. This would cause one cell to have part of the organelles and the other cell to have to rest of the organelles.
What would happen if cytokinesis occurred without mitosis explain?
The chromosomes would not have replicated, so the resulting daughter cells will not have the correct ploidy.
When does a chromosome consist of 2 identical chromatids?
A chromosome consists of 2 identical chromatids during the S phase of the cell cycle, after DNA replication has occurred. The two chromatids are known as sister chromatids and are held together by a structure called the centromere.
What would you see if point mutation occurred during DNA replication?
If a point mutation occurred during DNA replication, you would see a change in one base pair of the DNA sequence. This can result in different amino acids being coded for, potentially leading to altered protein structure and function. The effects of the mutation depend on its location within the gene and the specific amino acid change that occurs.
When DNA replication occurs before meiosis the original DNA strand CAG CCG TAG is copied into complementary strand GTC ACA GGC ATC. What type of mutation has occurred?
insertion
When DNA replication occurs before meiosis the original DNA strand GTC ACA GGC ATC is copied into complementary strand CAG CCG TAG. What type of mutation has occurred?
insertion
Why is the replication process is a source of few mutations?
Some mutations are due to errors in DNA replication. During the replication process, DNA polymerase chooses complementary nucleotide triphosphates from the cellular pool. Then the nucleotide triphosphate is converted to a nucleotide monophosphate and aligned with the template nucleotide. A mismatched nucleotide slips through this selection process only onece per 100,000 base pairs at most. The mismatched nucleotide causes a pause in replication, during which it is excised from the daughter strand and replaced with the correct nucleotide. After this so-called proofreading has occurred, the error rate is only one per 1 billion base pairs.
What would happen to the number of chromosomes in a cell if mitosis occurred but cytokinesis did not take place?
The number of chromosomes in the cell would remain the same. Mitosis involves the division of the nucleus to ensure that each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes. Cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm, is responsible for separating the two daughter cells. If cytokinesis does not occur, the cell would end up with two nuclei but still have the same number of chromosomes.
