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Which of the following enzymes creates a primer for DNA polymerase?
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∙ 13y ago
Primase
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∙ 13y ago
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Two major enzymes used during DNA replication?
The two main ones are DNA-polymerase and helicase
Which of the following removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments?
DNA Polymerase I
Why rna primer is used instead of dna primer?
There are basically two types of enzymes that can bind to DNA and copy it. The DNA polymerase and the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase, which copies DNA into RNA, will only bind to single stranded DNA, in other words areas of the DNA where the nitrogen bases holding the two strands of nucleotide units together have been separated. On the other hand the DNA polymerase that copies DNA into DNA will only bind to DNA that is double stranded. So in lies the dilemma. To make a copy of the DNA the DNA polymerase is use, but it will not bind to single stranded DNA so there is no way to make a DNA primer using aDNA polymerase, but the RNA polymerase will bind to single stranded DNA and there for can be used to make a small RNA primer on the open strands of DNA. Now the DNA polymerase has place that is double stranded and can attach and start copying the DNA.
What enzyme Cuts out the RNA primer on the replicated DNA molecule and replaces it with the appropriate DNA nucleotides?
DNA polymerase :)
Differences between DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase?
A polymerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of free nucleotides into a single strand. DNA polymerase differs from RNA polymerase in two major respects: * Like all enzymes, DNA polymerase is substrate-specific. DNA polymerase cannot extend a single strand of DNA; it needs at least a short segment of double-stranded DNA at the outset. * As its name implies, DNA polymerase incorporates deoxyribonucleotides into the new strand. RNA polymerase incorporates ribonucleotides. These differences mean that DNA polymerase is active when new DNA strands are formed, as in DNA replication, and RNA polymerase is active when new RNA is formed, as in transcription. Before DNA replication can begin, the two strands must uncoil, so that each can form a template for free nucleotides to attach to. But DNA polymerase cannot get started with a single strand! In vivo(in the cell) RNA polymerase, which is active in the presence of single-stranded DNA, catalyzes the incorporation of a handful of nucleotides into a new strand. The short length of double-stranded nucleic acid that is produced enables DNA polymerase to swing into action. This still leaves a potential difficulty: the nucleotides incorporated in the presence of RNA polymerase are the wrong sort (ribonucleotides). They are subsequently replaced by DNA polymerase. In vitro (during PCR, the polymerase chain reaction) a primer, specially synthesized in a laboratory, attaches to a specific segment of single-stranded DNA, and the DNA polymerase takes over from there. The primer consists of a short length of single-stranded DNA that uniquely complements a specific DNA segment that is targeted for amplification, for example for forensic analysis.In practice, there are several different DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases in an organism.
Two major enzymes used during DNA replication?
The two main ones are DNA-polymerase and helicase
What does DNA primase create?
DNA primase creates RNA primer. DNA primase is an enzyme and DNA polymerase uses the RNA primer to replicate ssDNA.
What is the function of primer in PCR?
it synthesizes a single RNA primer at the 5' end of the leading end.
Which of the following removes the RNA nucleotides from the primer and adds equivalent DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of Okazaki fragments?
DNA Polymerase I
Why rna primer is used instead of dna primer?
There are basically two types of enzymes that can bind to DNA and copy it. The DNA polymerase and the RNA polymerase. The RNA polymerase, which copies DNA into RNA, will only bind to single stranded DNA, in other words areas of the DNA where the nitrogen bases holding the two strands of nucleotide units together have been separated. On the other hand the DNA polymerase that copies DNA into DNA will only bind to DNA that is double stranded. So in lies the dilemma. To make a copy of the DNA the DNA polymerase is use, but it will not bind to single stranded DNA so there is no way to make a DNA primer using aDNA polymerase, but the RNA polymerase will bind to single stranded DNA and there for can be used to make a small RNA primer on the open strands of DNA. Now the DNA polymerase has place that is double stranded and can attach and start copying the DNA.
Which of the following is needed in the process of DNA replication?
The ingredients needed for DNA replication include a short oligonucleotide primer and dNTPS. It also needs DNA polymerase and different transcription and translation factors.
What enzyme Cuts out the RNA primer on the replicated DNA molecule and replaces it with the appropriate DNA nucleotides?
DNA polymerase :)
Does initiation of transcription require a primer?
no because RNA polymerase can do the same thing
In polymerase chain reaction how many kinds of primer are used?
In the simplest form of PCR, there are two types of primers used: The forward primer The reverse primer
What is the function of DNA ligase and DNA Helicase?
helicases are necessary for unwinding double stranded DNA. in order to replicate its DNA, the cell must first unwind the two strands. once the the two strands have been separated enzymes such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase can act on the single stranded DNA. DNA polymerase creates a strand of DNA from a template strand of DNA. it is used to create a new copy of the DNA. In order to begin DNA synthesis, a primer is necessary. The primer is a short oligo nucleotide fragment that hybridizes to the template strand of DNA (the strand which is to be copied). Once the primer is hybridized, the DNA polymerase can extend the primer and add nucelotides in a Watson-crick base pairing fashion. DNA polymerases always extend the primer in the 5' to 3' direction. RNA polymerases are used to transcribe genes from DNA. Transcribtion is the process of making an RNA copy of information encoded in DNA. Once a gene is transcribed and a messenger RNA (mRNA) is produced, that mRNA can leave the nucleus to be translated into a protein by the ribosome. RNA polymerases work in a somewhat similar fashion to DNA polymerases, save for the fact that they produce RNA from DNA, instead of producing a new copy of the DNA.
What are the enzymes involved in replication?
There are a variety of enzymes used in replication. Helicase is used to open the hydrogen bonds that connect the two strands. However, this causes a tension to form in the strands (like a wind up toy) so some of it needs to be released. This is done by topoisomerase, which cuts the strands, lets them spin out some of the tension and attaches the DNA back together again. Moving behind helicase, is an enzyme called SSBP. This basically binds to the DNA sequence to prevent it from reattaching to itself after helicase unzips it; DNA would otherwise just bond back with the other strand. Then an RNA Polymerase called primase comes and attaches a primer to the DNA strands. This is needed because the next enzyme, DNA polymerase will not from scratch and needs a base to work from: the primer serves this role. Starting on the primer, DNA Polymerase III synthesizes the new strand, but the primers are still left on the strands. These will be removed by DNA Polymerase I which also adds new nucleotides to the hole left by the primer. Finally, an enzyme called ligase fills the one nucleotide gap left between the primer and the newly synthesized DNA with a sugar phosphate backbone (not another nucleotide)
List the enzymes involved in replication and describe their function?
Topoisomerase is the enzyme that relieves tension to the DNA molecule by nicking and cutting certain placed on the phosphate backbone. Helicase is the next enzyme that is involved in "unzipping" the DNA to produce two single strands of DNA. RNA polymerase lays down the RNA primer DNA polymerase III uses the RNA primer to start laying down new nucleotides on the single strand of DNA. DNA polymerase I replaces the RNA primer with DNA DNA ligase creates joins the backbone of the newly formed DNA strands
