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Which one of the following strands of DNA in the complement strand to?
which one of the following strands od DNA in the complement strand to c-c-a-t-c-g
What would be the likely outcome if a microbe could prevent the activation of C3 in the complement cascade?
If a microbe can prevent the activation of C3 in the complement cascade, it would likely evade the host immune response and avoid being targeted for destruction. This evasion strategy could help the microbe establish infection and cause disease without being effectively eliminated by the immune system.
What is the alternative pathway of complement activation and how does it contribute to the immune response?
The alternative pathway of complement activation is a part of the immune system that helps to identify and destroy harmful pathogens. It is a rapid and efficient process that can be activated without the need for specific antibodies. This pathway plays a crucial role in the early stages of the immune response by enhancing inflammation, promoting phagocytosis, and directly killing pathogens.
What are the differences between the classical and alternative pathways in the context of immune response activation?
The classical pathway is part of the innate immune response and is activated by specific molecules on pathogens. The alternative pathway is also part of the innate immune response but is activated by different molecules. Both pathways lead to the activation of the complement system, which helps to eliminate pathogens from the body.
What is activation energy and how do enzymes effect it?
There is no straight forward relation between enzyme and activation energy because although energy of reaction is fixed and is governed by laws of chemistry but for biochemical reactions concentration of enzyme and conc. of substrate affect rate of reaction and energy, but in general enzymes decrease activation energy of reaction.
Which complement protein is the key to activating the alternative pathway of complement activation?
Factor B is the key complement protein that helps activate the alternative pathway of complement activation. It forms a complex with Factor D and is cleaved by Factor D to produce the active fragment, which leads to further activation of the alternative pathway.
What is a mechanism of nonspecific resistance?
activation of the complement via the alternative pathway
Does C2a or C2b bind C4b in classical pathway of complement activation?
C2a
How does membrane cofactor protein stop complement activation?
Membrane cofactor protein (MCP) acts as a cofactor for Factor I, which degrades C3b and C4b proteins, thus preventing the amplification of complement activation. By accelerating the decay of C3 convertases, MCP helps regulate the complement system and protect host cells from excessive complement-mediated damage.
What is activation effect?
Activation effect is the effect of spontaneous reactions that release energy. When reactants mix and produce a series of chemical potential energies, the outcome of the reaction results into an activation effect due to the reactions.
What is the chief ammunition used against cellular antigens?
complement fixation and activation of the antibody
The binding of an antigen to an antibody can result in?
neutralization of the antigen, agglutination or precipitation, and complement activation.
Why is the alternative pathway of complement useful in the early stages of an infection?
It does not rely on activation by antibodies.
What is complement activation?
Complement activation is a cascade of proteins in the immune system that helps to opsonize pathogens for phagocytosis, recruit inflammatory cells, and directly lyse target cells. It can be activated through three pathways: classical, lectin, and alternative pathways, and plays a critical role in innate immunity.
What is activation of complement?
Activation of complement refers to a series of biochemical reactions involving a group of proteins in the immune system, known as complement proteins. These proteins work together to enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens, promote inflammation, and directly lyse bacteria. The complement system can be activated via three pathways: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways, each triggered by different immune signals. Ultimately, this activation leads to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which can puncture the cell membranes of pathogens.
Which of the following is found normally in serum?
complement
What is complement following an action verb?
direct
